Because of authentic exposure, study‐abroad sojourners are expected to become more proficient in terms of holistic formulaicity (defined as targetlike language use of intensifiers, fillers, multiword sequences, lexical features, verb–argument constructions, pragmatic and discourse features, and so on), use of formulaic sequences, and lexical measures. This study traces the development of these constructs over time in written diary texts of 26 Catalan/Spanish bilingual sojourners in an Anglophone country during study abroad. It adopts a dynamic usage‐based perspective, underlining the importance of frequency of exposure and individual variability in developmental trajectories. Generalized additive mixed model analyses, which take individual nonlinear behavior into account, showed significant gains toward holistic formulaicity, but not in use of formulaic sequences nor in lexical complexity measures. We argue that at advanced stages some measures may have reached ceiling, but that sojourners may still progress in becoming more finely attuned to the conventionalized ways of saying things in the speech community.

中文翻译：

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旅居者日记中整体公式化、公式序列和词汇复杂性的纵向发展：基于动态使用的视角


由于真实的接触，出国留学的旅居者有望在整体公式化方面变得更加熟练（定义为强化词、填充词、多词序列、词汇特征、动词-论元结构、语用和话语特征等的目标式语言使用） ）、公式序列和词汇测量的使用。本研究追踪了 26 名加泰罗尼亚语/西班牙语双语旅居者在英语国家留学期间的书面日记文本中这些结构随时间的发展情况。它采用基于动态使用的视角，强调接触频率和个体差异在发展轨迹中的重要性。广义加性混合模型分析考虑了个体非线性行为，显示出整体公式化的显着收益，但在公式序列的使用和词汇复杂性度量方面都没有。我们认为，在后期阶段，某些措施可能已达到上限，但寄居者可能仍会在更加适应言语社区中的传统说话方式方面取得进展。