Recent research introduced and laid the foundation for a new individual-level entrepreneurial orientation conceptualization (Ind.EO) within the entrepreneurial orientation family of constructs. Building directly from this work, this article theoretically defines a measurement model for the construct and develops and validates a scale. We define and measure disposition-based behavior constructs for autonomy, competitiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, thus providing psychometrically validated tools that support research in the burgeoning Ind.EO domain. Scale items are generated deductively from our definitions, and then tested through four data collections with academics, the lay population, entrepreneurs, and business managers. Strong validation data across these multiple samples support the utility of the final 17 items and that they can be used to measure Ind.EO. Furthermore, we provide unique theoretical insights regarding the value of the autonomy and competitiveness components of Ind.EO and investigate the core personal values associated with Ind.EO.

中文翻译：

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个人创业方向：规模开发和验证


最近的研究在创业导向结构家族中引入了新的个人层面的创业导向概念（Ind.EO）并为其奠定了基础。本文直接基于这项工作，从理论上定义了构建的测量模型，并开发和验证了量表。我们定义并衡量基于倾向的行为结构，以体现自主性、竞争力、创新性、主动性和冒险精神，从而提供经过心理测量验证的工具，支持新兴的 Ind.EO 领域的研究。量表项目是根据我们的定义演绎生成的，然后通过学术界、非专业人士、企业家和企业管理者的四个数据收集进行测试。这些多个样本的强大验证数据支持最后 17 个项目的实用性，并且它们可用于衡量 Ind.EO。此外，我们就 Ind.EO 的自主性和竞争力组成部分的价值提供独特的理论见解，并研究与 Ind.EO 相关的核心个人价值观。