Recent strategy updates by the international particle physics community have confirmed strong interest in a next-generation energy frontier collider after completion of the High-Luminosity LHC program and construction of a e + e − Higgs factory. Both hadron and muon colliders provide a path toward the highest energies, and both require significant and sustained development to achieve technical readiness and optimize the design. For hadron colliders, the energy reach is determined by machine circumference and the strength of the guiding magnetic field. To achieve a collision energy of 100 TeV while limiting the circumference to 100 km, a dipole field of 16 T is required and is within the reach of niobium–tin magnets operating at 1.9 K. Magnets based on high-temperature superconductors may enable a range of alternatives, including a more compact footprint, a reduction of the cooling power, or a further increase of the collision energy to 150 TeV. The feasibility and cost of the magnet system will determine the possible options and optimal configurations. In this article, I review the historical milestones and recent progress in superconducting materials, design concepts, magnet fabrication, and test results and emphasize current developments that have the potential to address the most significant challenges and shape future directions.

中文翻译：

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用于未来强子对撞机的高场磁体


国际粒子物理学界最近的战略更新证实，在完成高亮度 LHC 计划和建造 e + e − Higgs 工厂后，人们对下一代能源前沿对撞机产生了浓厚的兴趣。强子对撞机和 μ 子对撞机都提供了一条通往最高能量的途径，两者都需要大量和持续的开发，以实现技术准备和优化设计。对于强子对撞机，能量范围由机器周长和引导磁场的强度决定。为了在将周长限制在 100 公里内实现 100 TeV 的碰撞能量，需要 16 T 的偶极子场，并且在 1.9 K 下工作的铌锡磁体所能触及。基于高温超导体的磁体可以实现一系列替代方案，包括更紧凑的占地面积、降低冷却功率、 或将碰撞能量进一步增加到 150 TeV。磁体系统的可行性和成本将决定可能的选择和最佳配置。在本文中，我回顾了超导材料、设计概念、磁体制造和测试结果方面的历史里程碑和最新进展，并强调了有可能解决最重大挑战和塑造未来方向的当前发展。