The molecular and cellular organization of the primate cerebellum remains poorly characterized. We obtained single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of macaque, marmoset, and mouse cerebella and identified primate-specific cell subtypes, including Purkinje cells and molecular-layer interneurons, that show different expression of the glutamate ionotropic receptor Delta type subunit 2 ( GRID2 ) gene. Distinct gene expression profiles were found in anterior, posterior, and vestibular regions in all species, whereas region-selective gene expression was predominantly observed in the granular layer of primates and in the Purkinje layer of mice. Gene expression gradients in the cerebellar cortex matched well with functional connectivity gradients revealed with awake functional magnetic resonance imaging, with more lobule-specific differences between primates and mice than between two primate species. These comprehensive atlases and comparative analyses provide the basis for understanding cerebellar evolution and function.

中文翻译：

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小脑皮层的跨物种单细胞空间转录组寰图


灵长类动物小脑的分子和细胞组织仍然难以表征。我们获得了猕猴、狨猴和小鼠小脑的单细胞空间转录组图谱，并鉴定了灵长类动物特异性细胞亚型，包括浦肯野细胞和分子层中间神经元，它们显示谷氨酸离子型受体 Delta 型亚基 2 （GRID2） 基因的不同表达。在所有物种的前、后和前庭区域发现了不同的基因表达谱，而区域选择性基因表达主要在灵长类动物的颗粒层和小鼠的浦肯野层中观察到。小脑皮层中的基因表达梯度与清醒功能磁共振成像显示的功能连接梯度非常匹配，灵长类动物和小鼠之间的小叶特异性差异比两种灵长类动物之间的小叶特异性差异更大。这些全面的图谱和比较分析为了解小脑进化和功能提供了基础。