The composition and distribution of fatty acids (FA) are important factors determining the quality, flavor, and nutrient value of meat. In addition, FAs synthesized in the body participate in energy metabolism and are involved in different regulatory pathways in the form of signaling molecules or by acting as agonist or antagonist ligands of different nuclear receptors. Finally, synthesis and catabolism of FAs affect adaptive immunity by regulating lymphocyte metabolism. The present study performed genome-wide association studies using FA profiles of blood, liver, backfat and muscle from 432 commercial Duroc pigs. Twenty-five genomic regions located on 15 Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) were detected. Annotation of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions identified 49 lipid metabolism-related candidate genes. Among these QTLs, four were identified in more than one tissue. The ratio of C20:4n-6/C20:3n-6 was associated with the region on SSC2 at 7.56–14.26 Mb for backfat, liver, and muscle. Members of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3) are the most promising candidate genes in this region. Two QTL regions on SSC14 (103.81–115.64 Mb and 100.91–128.14 Mb) were identified for FA desaturation in backfat and muscle. In addition, two separate regions on SSC9 at 0 – 14.55 Mb and on SSC12 at 0–1.91 Mb were both associated with the same multiple FA traits for backfat, with candidate genes involved in de novo FA synthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism, such as DGAT2 and FASN. The ratio C20:0/C18:0 was associated with the region on SSC5 at 64.84–78.32 Mb for backfat. Furthermore, the association of the C16:0 content with the region at 118.92–123.95 Mb on SSC4 was blood specific. Finally, candidate genes involved in de novo lipogenesis regulate T cell differentiation and promote the generation of palmitoleate, an adipokine that alleviates inflammation. Several SNPs and candidate genes were associated with lipid metabolism in blood, liver, backfat, and muscle. These results contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms implicated in the determination of the FA profile in different pig tissues and can be useful in selection programs that aim to improve health and energy metabolism in pigs.

中文翻译：

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鉴定与猪血液、肝脏、背膘和肌肉脂肪酸代谢相关的基因组区域


脂肪酸（FA）的组成和分布是决定肉的品质、风味和营养价值的重要因素。此外，体内合成的FA参与能量代谢，并以信号分子的形式或作为不同核受体的激动剂或拮抗剂配体参与不同的调节途径。最后，FA 的合成和分解代谢通过调节淋巴细胞代谢影响适应性免疫。本研究利用 432 头商业杜洛克猪的血液、肝脏、背膘和肌肉的 FA 谱进行了全基因组关联研究。检测到位于 15 条野猪染色体 (SSC) 上的 25 个基因组区域。数量性状基因座 (QTL) 区域的注释确定了 49 个脂质代谢相关的候选基因。在这些 QTL 中，有 4 个在多个组织中被鉴定。 C20:4n-6/C20:3n-6 的比率与 SSC2 上 7.56-14.26 Mb 的背膘、肝脏和肌肉区域相关。脂肪酸去饱和酶基因簇的成员（FADS1、FADS2 和 FADS3）是该区域最有希望的候选基因。 SSC14 上的两个 QTL 区域（103.81–115.64 Mb 和 100.91–128.14 Mb）被确定用于背膘和肌肉中 FA 去饱和。此外，SSC9 上 0 – 14.55 Mb 上的两个独立区域和 SSC12 上 0–1.91 Mb 上的两个独立区域都与背膘的相同多个 FA 性状相关，候选基因涉及从头 FA 合成和三酰甘油 (TAG) 代谢，例如如 DGAT2 和 FASN。 C20:0/C18:0 比率与 SSC5 上 64.84–78.32 Mb 的背膘区域相关。此外，C16:0 含量与 SSC4 上 118.92–123.95 Mb 区域的关联具有血液特异性。 最后，参与从头脂肪生成的候选基因调节 T 细胞分化并促进棕榈油酸（一种减轻炎症的脂肪因子）的生成。一些 SNP 和候选基因与血液、肝脏、背脂和肌肉中的脂质代谢相关。这些结果有助于阐明不同猪组织中 FA 谱测定所涉及的分子机制，并且可用于旨在改善猪健康和能量代谢的选择计划。