Rape myths are social constructs, deeply rooted in European society. They play a role in maintaining false beliefs about sexual violence and are one of the main factors in sexual abuse behavior. In this review article, the authors focused on the factors influencing the perpetuation and spread of false beliefs regarding sexual violence, its victims, and perpetrators. The goal of the study is to achieve a more profound comprehension of the cultural and social dimensions linked to this occurrence. In conducting the systematic literature review, three databases have been used to search for pertinent articles: ProQuest, Scopus, and ERIH Plus. Only peer-reviewed scientific articles in English published between 2013 and 2023 were deemed eligible. Furthermore, inclusion criteria stipulated that articles must present empirical research of European origin, focusing on the keywords: “myths about rape,” “myths about sexual violence,” and “myths about rape.” In total 2,507 articles were initially identified, with 79 ultimately meeting the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed the presence of several factors influencing the function of rape myths. These were categorized into sociodemographic, individual, and systemic. The general populace of European society commonly holds beliefs in rape myths. Moreover, numerous studies point to large legal and systemic inequalities that lead to social inequalities and, consequently, to the perpetuation of rape culture through victimization and victim blaming. This review demonstrates the need for future research on sex education as a factor in preventing rape myths.

中文翻译：

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欧洲当代强奸神话背后的因素：系统评价


强奸神话是深深植根于欧洲社会的社会建构。它们在维持对性暴力的错误信念方面发挥作用，是性虐待行为的主要因素之一。在这篇评论文章中，作者重点讨论了影响关于性暴力、其受害者和肇事者的错误信念持续和传播的因素。该研究的目标是对与此事件相关的文化和社会维度有更深刻的理解。在进行系统文献综述时，使用了三个数据库来检索相关文章：ProQuest、Scopus 和 ERIH Plus。只有在 2013 年至 2023 年期间发表的同行评审英文科学文章才被认为符合条件。此外，纳入标准规定文章必须呈现源自欧洲的实证研究，重点关注关键词：“关于强奸的神话”、“关于性暴力的神话”和“关于强奸的神话”。最初总共确定了 2,507 篇文章，其中 79 篇最终符合纳入标准。分析揭示了影响强奸神话功能的几个因素的存在。这些被分为社会人口学、个人和系统性。欧洲社会的普通民众通常持有强奸神话的信仰。此外，许多研究指出，巨大的法律和系统性不平等导致了社会不平等，进而通过受害和指责受害者来延续强奸文化。本综述表明，未来需要对性教育进行研究，将其作为预防强奸神话的一个因素。