Biomaterials play an increasingly critical role in bone tissue engineering. However, achieving effective clinical translation requires a careful choice of biomimetic materials and thorough assessment of their efficacy and safety. Existing in vitro and in vivo models have drawbacks including time and cost constraints, invasive procedures, and discordance between animal models and clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is a demand for an alternative model. We hypothesized that the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane can serve as a bioreactor to evaluate the initial sign of bone formation on scaffolds. In parallel, we investigated the osteogenic potential of a previously fabricated fibrin-alginate-calcium phosphate biomaterial (FACaP). Blood vessels were observed to infiltrate the scaffolds with early signs of bone formation, confirmed via RUNX-2 and alpha smooth muscle actin markers. The scaffolds’ chemical composition was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ion chromatography was used to assess calcium ion release. Finally, the topography was examined by atomic force microscopy. In conclusion, this system offers simple refinement for in vivo models in bone tissue engineering and highlights the great potential of FACaP as an angiogenic and osteogenic biomaterial for non-load-bearing applications.

中文翻译：

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Ex Ovo 绒毛膜尿囊膜测定作为生物材料形成骨的模型


生物材料在骨组织工程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，实现有效的临床转化需要仔细选择仿生材料，并对其疗效和安全性进行全面评估。现有的体外和体内模型存在缺点，包括时间和成本限制、侵入性手术以及动物模型与临床结果之间的不一致。因此，需要另一种模式。我们假设雏鸡胚胎绒毛膜尿囊膜可以作为生物反应器来评估支架上骨形成的初始迹象。同时，我们研究了先前制造的纤维蛋白-海藻酸盐-磷酸钙生物材料 （FACaP） 的成骨潜力。观察到血管浸润支架，具有骨形成的早期迹象，通过 RUNX-2 和 α 平滑肌肌动蛋白标志物证实。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱评价支架的化学成分，采用离子色谱法评价钙离子的释放。最后，通过原子力显微镜检查形貌。总之，该系统为骨组织工程中的体内模型提供了简单的改进，并突出了 FACaP 作为血管生成和成骨生物材料在非承重应用中的巨大潜力。