Currently, the demand for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent. Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption. However, interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption. In this study, multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber (CF) substrate were prepared by electrospinning, hydrothermal synthesis, and high-temperature thermal reduction. By utilizing the different properties of different substances, rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed. This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss. The prepared SnS/SnS₂/SnO₂/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt% in epoxy resin. The minimum reflection loss (RL) is − 46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz. Moreover, SnS/SnS₂/SnO₂/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces. Therefore, this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.

目前，对具有特定功能、能够承受恶劣环境的电磁波吸收材料的需求日益迫切。多组分界面工程被认为是实现高效电磁波吸收的有效手段。然而，界面调制工程尚未得到充分讨论，并且在电磁波吸收领域具有巨大潜力。本研究采用静电纺丝、水热合成、高温热还原等方法制备了基于碳纤维（CF）基体的多组分锡化合物纤维复合材料。利用不同物质的不同性质，构建丰富的异质界面。这有效地促进了电荷转移并增强了界面极化和传导损耗。所制备的具有丰富异质界面的SnS/SnS ₂ /SnO ₂ /CF复合材料在环氧树脂中负载量为50wt%时表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。最小反射损耗 (RL) 为 − 46.74 dB，最大有效吸收带宽为 5.28 GHz。此外，SnS/SnS ₂ /SnO ₂ /CF环氧复合涂层在Q235钢表面表现出长期耐腐蚀性能。因此，本研究为复杂恶劣环境下高效电磁波吸收材料的设计提供了有效的策略。