• Steel tip arrays were used as current collectors to replace planar conductors.

• Optimal flow and electric fields reduced barriers for electron and ion transport.

• Desalination performance of flow-electrode capacitive deionization is enhanced by the tip-array current collectors.

中文翻译：

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通过尖端效应局部增强流场和电场，实现高效流电极电容去离子

• 
  钢尖阵列用作集电器来代替平面导体。

• 
  最佳的流动和电场减少了电子和离子传输的障碍。

• 
  尖端阵列集电器增强了流电极电容去离子的脱盐性能。