Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to a decreased risk of chronic diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether proteomic signatures can reflect proteome response to healthy diet patterns, and whether these proteomic signatures are associated with health outcomes. Using data from the UK Biobank including Olink plasma proteins, we identified substantial proteomic variation in relation to adherence to eight healthy dietary patterns. The proteomic signatures, reflecting adherence and proteome response to healthy dietary patterns, were prospectively associated with lower risks of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kidney diseases and cancers, along with longer life expectancy, even after adjusting for corresponding dietary patterns. These findings suggest proteomic signatures have the potential to complement traditional dietary assessments and deepen our understanding of the relationships between dietary patterns and chronic diseases.

健康的饮食模式与降低患慢性病的风险有关。然而，仍不确定蛋白质组学特征是否能反映蛋白质组学对健康饮食模式的反应，以及这些蛋白质组学特征是否与健康结局相关。使用来自英国生物样本库的数据，包括 Olink 血浆蛋白，我们确定了与遵守八种健康饮食模式相关的大量蛋白质组学变异。反映对健康饮食模式的依从性和蛋白质组反应的蛋白质组学特征与糖尿病、心血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、慢性肾病和癌症的风险降低以及预期寿命的延长相关，即使在调整了相应的饮食模式后也是如此。这些发现表明蛋白质组学特征有可能补充传统的饮食评估，并加深我们对饮食模式与慢性疾病之间关系的理解。