Lithium-metal battery (LMB) research and development has been ongoing for six decades across academia, industry and national laboratories. Despite this extensive effort, commercial LMBs have yet to displace, or offer a ready alternative to, lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Here we explore some of the most critical industry needs that will have to be resolved to advance practical LMB designs for implementation in EVs. We begin our exploration with a brief overview of LMBs, then consider the following needs: energy density, anode thickness and cathode loading, electrolyte formulation and gas generation, electrolyte injection amount, cathode oxygen release, cell pressure control, cell format, cell manufacturing quality checks and battery modelling. We conclude with generic cell design recommendations for future LMB EV applications.

六年来，学术界、工业界和国家实验室一直在进行锂金属电池 (LMB) 的研究和开发。尽管做出了如此广泛的努力，商业 LMB 尚未取代电动汽车 (EV) 中的锂离子电池，或提供现成的替代品。在这里，我们探讨了一些最关键的行业需求，这些需求必须得到解决才能推进实用的 LMB 设计以在电动汽车中实施。我们从LMB的简要概述开始我们的探索，然后考虑以下需求：能量密度、阳极厚度和阴极负载、电解质配方和气体产生、电解质注入量、阴极氧气释放、电池压力控制、电池格式、电池制造质量检查和电池建模。最后，我们提出了针对未来 LMB EV 应用的通用电池设计建议。