Parenting has long been a topic of research based on its importance for family and child outcomes. Recent methodological advances in person-centered approaches suggest that our understanding of parenting could be further advanced by examining parenting typologies across various parenting behaviors longitudinally. Accordingly, the current study aims to examine latent transitions in parenting practice patterns across four annual assessments during early childhood and examine whether individual- and family-level factors at baseline discriminate parenting transition patterns. Data from four waves (ages 2, 3, 4, and 5) of a study of 731 caregiver-child dyads from a randomized controlled trial were used. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) were conducted to investigate underlying types of parenting practices at each age and longitudinal parenting practice transition patterns that represent continuity and change. For the LCA, two latent classes emerged at all four waves, representing ‘lower warmth; higher negative interaction’ (Dysregulated) and ‘higher warmth; lower negative interaction’ (Warm) parenting groups. The LTA model with two classes at all waves was conducted with good fit. The results showed diversity in the transition patterns over time, especially non-linear patterns of parenting across early childhood. Using multinominal logistic regression, six transition patterns, collapsed from 16 possible patterns, were predicted by family factors such as child sex, family income, primary caregivers’ race, parental involvement, child inhibitory control, and child externalizing behaviors. Findings have implications for parenting assessment, practice, and analysis.

中文翻译：

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整个儿童早期观察到的育儿模式的稳定性/变化的预测因子：一种潜在过渡方法


长期以来，育儿一直是一个基于其对家庭和儿童结果的重要性的研究主题。以人为中心的方法的最新方法论进展表明，通过纵向检查各种育儿行为的育儿类型，我们可以进一步推进我们对育儿的理解。因此，目前的研究旨在检查幼儿期四次年度评估中育儿实践模式的潜在转变，并检查基线时个人和家庭层面的因素是否区分育儿过渡模式。使用来自一项随机对照试验的 731 名照顾者-儿童二人组的研究的四波 （2、3、4 和 5 岁） 的数据。进行潜在类别分析 （LCA） 和潜在过渡分析 （LTA） 以调查每个年龄段的潜在育儿实践类型以及代表连续性和变化的纵向育儿实践过渡模式。对于 LCA，所有四个波浪都出现了两个潜在类别，代表“较低的温暖;更高的负面互动“（Dysrecontrolled Dysfunctionated）和”更高的温暖度;较低的负面互动“（温暖的）育儿小组。所有波都有两类的 LTA 模型拟合良好。结果显示，随着时间的推移，过渡模式存在多样性，尤其是整个儿童早期的非线性育儿模式。使用多名词 logistic 回归，通过家庭因素（如儿童性别、家庭收入、主要照顾者的种族、父母参与、儿童抑制控制和儿童外化行为）预测 6 种转换模式，从 16 种可能的模式中崩溃。研究结果对育儿评估、实践和分析具有意义。