In this paper, heterogeneous cobalt phosphosulfide (Co₄S₃/Co₂P) nanocrystals anchoring on few-layered MXene nanosheets (MXene@Co₄S₃/Co₂P) were prepared by in situ growth and the subsequent high-temperature phosphorization/sulfidation processes. Thanks to the synergistic effect and the abundant phase interfaces of Co₄S₃, Co₂P, and MXene, the electron transfer and Na⁺ diffusion processes were greatly accelerated. Meanwhile, the high electrical conductivity of MXene nanosheets and the heterogeneous structure of Co₄S₃/Co₂P effectively avoided the MXene restacking and the agglomeration of phosphosulfide particles, thus mitigating volumetric expansion during charging and discharging. The results show that the MXene@Co₄S₃/Co₂P heterostructure presents good rate capability (251.08 mAh g^–1 at 1 A g^–1) and excellent cycling stability (198.69 mAh g^–1 after 407 cycles at 5 A g^–1). Finally, the storage mechanism of Na⁺ in the heterostructure and the multistep phase transition reaction were determined by ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. This study provides a new perspective on the formation of metal phosphosulfide and MXene hybrids with multiple heterointerfaces as well as demonstrates MXene@Co₄S₃/Co₂P composites as the promising anode material in sodium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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MXene@Co–P–S 混合材料中的多个异质界面和异质结构工程促进高性能钠离子半/全电池


本文通过原位生长和随后的高温磷化制备了锚定在少层MXene纳米片(MXene@Co ₄ S ₃ /Co ₂ P)上的异质磷硫化钴(Co ₄ S ₃ /Co ₂ P)纳米晶。 /硫化过程。由于Co ₄ S ₃ 、Co ₂ P和MXene的协同效应和丰富的相界面，电子转移和Na ⁺扩散过程大大加速。同时，MXene纳米片的高导电性和Co ₄ S ₃ /Co ₂ P的异质结构有效避免了MXene的重新堆积和磷硫化物颗粒的团聚，从而减轻了充放电过程中的体积膨胀。结果表明，MXene@Co ₄ S ₃ /Co ₂ P异质结构具有良好的倍率性能（1 A g ^–1下为251.08 mAh g ^–1 ）和优异的循环稳定性（5 A g ^–1下循环407次后为198.69 mAh g –1 ） ^–1 ）。最后，通过非原位X射线衍射（XRD）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析确定了异质结构中Na ⁺的存储机制和多步相变反应。 这项研究为金属磷硫化物和具有多个异质界面的MXene杂化物的形成提供了新的视角，并证明了MXene@Co ₄ S ₃ /Co ₂ P复合材料作为钠离子电池中有前途的负极材料。