Emerging miniaturized atomic sensors such as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have attracted widespread interest due to their application in high-spatial-resolution biomagnetism imaging. While optical probing systems in conventional OPMs require bulk optical devices including linear polarizers and lenses for polarization conversion and wavefront shaping, which are challenging for chip-scale integration. In this study, an integrated optical probing scheme based on localized-interference metasurface for chip-scale OPM is developed. Our monolithic metasurface allows tailorable linear polarization conversion and wavefront manipulation. Two silicon-based metasurfaces namely meta-polarizer and meta-polarizer-lens are fabricated and characterized, with maximum transmission efficiency and extinction ratio (ER) of 86.29 % and 14.2 dB for the meta-polarizer as well as focusing efficiency and ER of 72.79 % and 6.4 dB for the meta-polarizer-lens, respectively. A miniaturized vapor cell with 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 dimension containing 87Rb and N2 is combined with the meta-polarizer to construct a compact zero-field resonance OPM for proof of concept. The sensitivity of this sensor reaches approximately 9 fT/Hz1/2 with a dynamic range near zero magnetic field of about ±2.3 nT. This study provides a promising solution for chip-scale optical probing, which holds potential for the development of chip-integrated OPMs as well as other advanced atomic devices where the integration of optical probing system is expected.

中文翻译：

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通过局域干涉超表面实现芯片级原子磁力计的集成光学探测方案


新兴的微型原子传感器，例如光泵磁力计（OPM），由于其在高空间分辨率生物磁成像中的应用而引起了广泛的兴趣。虽然传统 OPM 中的光学探测系统需要大量光学器件，包括用于偏振转换和波前整形的线性偏振器和透镜，这对于芯片级集成来说是一个挑战。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于局域干涉超表面的芯片级 OPM 集成光学探测方案。我们的整体超表面允许可定制的线性偏振转换和波前操纵。制造并表征了两种硅基超表面，即元偏振器和元偏振器透镜，元偏振器的最大传输效率和消光比 (ER) 为 86.29 % 和 14.2 dB，聚焦效率和 ER 为 72.79超偏振透镜分别为 % 和 6.4 dB。包含 87Rb 和 N2 的 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 尺寸的微型蒸汽室与元偏振器相结合，构建了一个紧凑的零场共振 OPM，用于概念验证。该传感器的灵敏度达到约 9 fT/Hz1/2，接近零磁场的动态范围约为 ±2.3 nT。这项研究为芯片级光学探测提供了一种有前途的解决方案，它为芯片集成OPM以及其他预计集成​​光学探测系统的先进原子器件的开发提供了潜力。