Chemical gradients, the spatial variations in chemical concentrations and components, are omnipresent in environments ranging from biological and environmental systems to industrial processes. These thermodynamic forces often play a central role in driving transport processes taking place in such systems. This review focuses on diffusiophoresis, a phoretic transport phenomenon driven by chemical gradients. We begin by revisiting the fundamental physicochemical hydrodynamics governing the transport. Then we discuss diffusiophoresis arising in flow systems found in natural and artificial settings. By exploring various scenarios where chemical gradients are encountered and exploited, we aim to demonstrate the significance of diffusiophoresis and its state-of-the-art development in technological applications.

中文翻译：

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化学梯度驱动的颗粒扩散动力学的物理化学流体动力学


化学梯度，即化学浓度和成分的空间变化，在从生物和环境系统到工业过程的环境中无处不在。这些热力学力通常在驱动此类系统中发生的运输过程中起着核心作用。本综述重点介绍扩散电泳，这是一种由化学梯度驱动的泳传输现象。我们首先重新审视了控制输运的基本物理化学流体动力学。然后我们讨论了在自然和人工环境中发现的流动系统中出现的扩散泳。通过探索遇到和利用化学梯度的各种场景，我们旨在证明扩散电泳的重要性及其在技术应用中的最新发展。