Social norms have long been considered across the social and behavioral sciences for their effects on human behavior. This review focuses on norms that explicitly or implicitly convey socially shared views about what people should or should not do. Such injunctive norms can be powerful influences on behavior through internalization or through formal or informal enforcement. They can underpin interventions to shape people's behavior through conformity but can also be drawn upon by individuals to question social practices. However, norms also have pitfalls and may fail to affect behavior as intended: They can pose a threat to the individual's self (autonomy, morality, values), compromise motives and social meanings (intrinsic motivation, trust, sincerity), or be egocentrically reconstrued (through biased perceptions and selective social/temporal referents). Depending on one's stance on an issue, such pitfalls may also be turned into powers to inoculate against undesirable norms or to advance social change.

中文翻译：

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社会规范的力量和陷阱


长期以来，社会规范一直因其对人类行为的影响而在社会和行为科学中被考虑。本综述侧重于明确或暗示传达关于人们应该做什么或不应该做什么的社会共识的规范。此类禁令规范可以通过内化或通过正式或非正式的执行对行为产生强大的影响。它们可以支持通过从众来塑造人们行为的干预措施，但也可以被个人用来质疑社会实践。然而，规范也有陷阱，可能无法按预期影响行为：它们可能对个人的自我（自主性、道德、价值观）构成威胁，损害动机和社会意义（内在动机、信任、真诚），或被自我中心化重新解释（通过有偏见的认知和选择性的社会/时间指涉）。根据一个人对某个问题的立场，这些陷阱也可能转化为对抗不良规范或推动社会变革的力量。