Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of teeth occur frequently in children and adolescents. TDIs that impact the periodontal tissues and alveolar tissue can be classified into concussion, subluxation, extrusive luxation, intrusive luxation, lateral luxation, and avulsion. In these TDIs, management of injured soft tissue, mainly periodontal ligament, and dental pulp, is crucial in maintaining the function and longevity of the injured teeth. Factors that need to be considered for management in laxation injuries include the maturation stage of the traumatic teeth, mobility, direction of displacement, distance of displacement, and whether there are alveolar fractures. In avulsion, the maturation stage of the permanent tooth, the out-socket time, storage media/condition of the avulsed tooth, and management of the PDL should also be considered. Especially, in this review, we have subdivided the immature tooth into the adolescent tooth (Nolla stage 9) and the very young tooth (Nolla stage 8 and below). This consensus paper aimed to discuss the impacts of those factors on the trauma management and prognosis of TDI to provide a streamlined guide for clinicians from clinical evaluation, diagnostic process, management plan decision, follow-up, and orthodontic treatment for tooth luxation and avulsion injuries.

牙齿外伤（TDI）经常发生在儿童和青少年中。影响牙周组织和牙槽组织的 TDI 可分为冲击性脱位、半脱位、挤压性脱位、侵入性脱位、侧向脱位和撕脱。在这些 TDI 中，受伤软组织（主要是牙周膜和牙髓）的处理对于维持受伤牙齿的功能和寿命至关重要。处理泻伤时需要考虑的因素包括外伤牙齿的成熟阶段、活动度、移位方向、移位距离以及是否存在牙槽骨折。在撕脱时，还应考虑恒牙的成熟阶段、拔牙槽时间、撕脱牙的存储介质/状况以及 PDL 的处理。特别是，在本次综述中，我们将未成熟牙齿细分为青春期牙齿（Nolla 9 期）和非常年轻的牙齿（Nolla 8 期及以下）。本共识文件旨在讨论这些因素对TDI创伤管理和预后的影响，为临床医生从牙齿脱位和撕脱伤的临床评估、诊断过程、管理计划决策、随访和正畸治疗提供简化的指南。