One issue that always strands the scaling-up development of perovskite photovoltaics is the significant efficiency drop when enlarging the device area, which is caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of defected sites^1-3. In the narrow band gap formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃), the native impurities of PbI₂ and δ-FAPbI₃ non-perovskite could induce unfavored non-radiative recombination, as well as inferior charge transport and extraction ^4,5.Here, we develop an impurity-healing interface engineering strategy to well address the issue both in small-area solar cell and large-scale submodule. With the introduction of a functional cation, 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl ammonium, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite with high mobility is rationally constructed on FAPbI₃ to horizontally cover the film surface and vertically penetrate to the grain boundaries of 3D perovskites. Such unique configuration not only comprehensively transforms the PbI₂ and δ-FAPbI₃ impurities into stable 2D perovskite and realize a uniform defect passivation, but also provides interconnecting channels for efficient carrier transport. As a result, the FAPbI₃-based small-area (0.085 cm²) solar cells achieve a champion efficiency over 25.86% with a notably high fill factor (FF) of 86.16%. More encouragingly, the fabricated submodules with the aperture area of 715.1 cm² obtain a certified record efficiency of 22.46% with a good FF of 81.21%, showcasing the feasibility and effectualness of the impurity-healing interface engineering for scaling-up promotion with well-preserved photovoltaic performance.

钙钛矿光伏的放大开发总是搁浅的一个问题是，在扩大器件面积时效率显着下降，这是由缺陷位点^1-3 的不均匀分布引起的。在窄带隙甲脒碘化铅 （FAPbI₃） 中，PbI₂ 和 δ-FAPbI₃ 非钙钛矿的天然杂质可以诱导不利的非辐射复合，以及较差的电荷传输和萃取 ^4,5。在这里，我们开发了一种杂质修复界面工程策略，以很好地解决小面积太阳能电池和大规模子模块中的问题。随着官能阳离子 2-（1-环己基）乙基铵的引入，具有高迁移率的二维 （2D） 钙钛矿被合理构建在 FAPbI₃ 上，水平覆盖薄膜表面并垂直渗透到 3D 钙钛矿的晶界。这种独特的构型不仅将 PbI₂ 和 δ-FAPbI ₃ 杂质全面转化为稳定的 2D 钙钛矿并实现均匀的缺陷钝化，而且还为高效的载流子传输提供了互连通道。因此，基于 FAPbI₃ 的小面积 （0.085 cm²） 太阳能电池实现了超过 25.86% 的冠军效率，填充因子 （FF） 高达 86.16%。更令人鼓舞的是，孔径面积为 715.1 cm² 的制造子组件获得了 22.46% 的认证历史效率和 81.21% 的良好 FF，展示了杂质修复界面工程在光伏性能保持良好的条件下进行放大推广的可行性和有效性。