This study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phases and symptoms on match running performance in football (soccer) players. Twenty‐one nonhormonal contraceptive using football players from four professional teams were monitored for up to four menstrual cycles during a domestic league season. Menstrual phases, classified as early‐follicular phase (EFP), mid‐late follicular phase (MFP), and luteal phase (LP), were determined by self‐reporting of menstruation and urinary hormone tests (luteinizing hormone and pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide). On match day, players completed a menstrual symptom severity questionnaire. In repeated matches, players wore 10 Hz Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) devices to measure relative (/min) total distance, high‐speed running distance, very high‐speed distance, peak speed, acceleration count, and deceleration count. Linear mixed models were performed for each GPS measure to determine the relationship with phase or symptoms. Data for 7 and 10 players were included for menstrual phase and menstrual symptoms analyses, respectively. A significantly higher total distance was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 5.1 m min−1; p = 0.04) and LP (Δ 5.8 m min−1; p = 0.007). Significantly greater high‐speed running was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 1.2 m min−1; p = 0.012) and LP (Δ 1.1 m min−1; p = 0.007). No significant effect of menstrual phase was found for any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). Accelerations declined with increasing symptom severity (p = 0.021, estimate = −0.01count.min−1). Menstrual symptom severity did not affect any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). In conclusion, greater total distance and high‐speed running occurred during the MFP. Additionally, accelerations minimally decreased with increasing menstrual symptom severity. Large intra‐ and inter‐variability existed, suggesting individualized monitoring and management of menstrual effects on performance would be beneficial.

中文翻译：

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月经期及症状对职业足球运动员比赛跑步的影响


这项研究探讨了月经周期阶段和症状对足球运动员比赛跑步表现的影响。在一个国内联赛赛季中，对来自四支职业球队的二十一名足球运动员进行了长达四个月经周期的监测。月经阶段，分为卵泡早期（EFP）、卵泡中晚期（MFP）和黄体期（LP），通过月经和尿激素测试（黄体生成素和孕二醇-3-葡萄糖醛酸）的自我报告来确定）。比赛当天，球员们完成了一份月经症状严重程度调查问卷。在重复比赛中，选手佩戴10Hz全球定位卫星（GPS）设备来测量相对（/分钟）总距离、高速跑距离、超高速距离、峰值速度、加速度计数和减速度计数。对每个 GPS 测量值进行线性混合模型以确定与相位或症状的关系。分别纳入 7 名和 10 名球员的数据用于月经期和月经症状分析。与 EFP（Δ 5.1 m min−1；p = 0.04）和 LP（Δ 5.8 m min−1；p = 0.007）相比，MFP 期间报告的总距离显着更高。与 EFP（Δ 1.2 m min−1；p = 0.012）和 LP（Δ 1.1 m min−1；p = 0.007）相比，MFP 期间的高速运行明显更高。未发现月经期对任何其他 GPS 测量有显着影响 (p > 0.05)。加速度随着症状严重程度的增加而下降（p = 0.021，估计值 = −0.01count.min−1）。月经症状严重程度不影响任何其他 GPS 测量值 (p > 0.05)。总之，MFP 期间出现了更长的总距离和高速运行。 此外，随着月经症状严重程度的增加，加速度略有下降。存在很大的内部和相互之间的变异性，这表明对月经对表现的影响进行个体化监测和管理将是有益的。