Between 1848 and 1867, at a time that is often considered to be central to Italian, German, and Slavic nation building, the Habsburg port city of Trieste witnessed a significant immigration from throughout Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. While the historiography of the city has focused on the Triestine entrepreneurial class, understandably described as cosmopolitan, little research has been conducted on the rest of the urban population, too often seen as polarized along distinct national affiliations. This article argues that such national allegiances are anachronistic and that ‘vulgar cosmopolitanism’, national indifference, dynastic patriotism, and urban and regional allegiances better define the lived experiences of the majority of the population. Archival material, the applications for Austrian naturalization that thousands of foreigners submitted in the period studied here, shows the intense inter-ethnic engagement of those people who did not belong to the cosmopolitan trading community, who often proved to be insensitive to nationalist agitation and unaware of the existence of ‘nations’. This study of Habsburg Trieste at the time of nation building in Central and Southern Europe provides further elements that refute standard national narratives and classic interpretations of the development of nationalism. It also offers comparative evidence for global cities that have been integrated into mono-national states or have managed to avoid such integrational efforts.

中文翻译：

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成为奥地利人，成为欧洲人？新兴民族主义时代哈布斯堡王朝南部的超民族主义：的里雅斯特的比较相关性


1848 年至 1867 年间，哈布斯堡王朝港口城市的里雅斯特见证了来自整个欧洲和东地中海的大量移民，这一时期通常被认为是意大利、德国和斯拉夫国家建设的核心时期。虽然这座城市的历史编纂主要集中在的里雅斯丁企业家阶层，可以理解，他们被描述为国际化的阶层，但对其他城市人口的研究却很少，他们往往被视为根据不同的民族关系而两极分化。本文认为，这种民族忠诚是不合时宜的，“庸俗的世界主义”、民族冷漠、王朝爱国主义以及城市和地区的忠诚更好地定义了大多数人口的生活经历。档案材料，即在此研究期间成千上万的外国人提交的奥地利入籍申请，显示了那些不属于国际贸易社区的人们的强烈的种族间交往，他们往往对民族主义的煽动不敏感，并且没有意识到“民族”的存在。这项对中欧和南欧国家建设时期哈布斯堡王朝的里雅斯特的研究提供了进一步的要素，驳斥了标准的民族叙事和对民族主义发展的经典解释。它还为已经融入单一民族国家或设法避免这种一体化努力的全球城市提供了比较证据。