Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, conventional LIB suffer from severe limitations (e.g., low energy density, flammable electrolytes) that have prompted much research interest for alternative battery technologies. To overcome the limitations of lithium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) have been proposed as promising alternative energy storage devices, with advantages of high volumetric energy density, high safety, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, the high charge density of Mg²⁺ in MIBs leads to sluggish electrochemical kinetics, owing to the strong electrostatic interactions between the host material and Mg²⁺. To mitigate this problem, transition metal sulfides (TMS) have been proposed as a solution and intensively researched as cathodes in MIBs, given that the soft features of sulfur can weaken undesirable electrostatic interactions (the low charge density of sulfur and high theoretical capacity). Nevertheless, TMS suffer from large volume variation, poor electronic conductivity as well as detrimental side reactions that all lead to degraded cycling performance. To this end, many solutions have been proposed to resolve these issues.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能镁离子电池的过渡金属硫化物阴极设计


尽管锂离子电池 （LIB） 技术得到了广泛使用，但传统的 LIB 受到严重的限制（例如，能量密度低、电解质易燃），这引起了人们对替代电池技术的广泛研究兴趣。为了克服锂离子电池的局限性，镁离子电池 （MIB） 被认为是一种很有前途的替代储能器件，具有体积能量密度高、安全性高、成本低和环境友好等优点。然而，由于主体材料与 Mg²⁺ 之间的强静电相互作用，MIB 中 Mg²⁺ 的高电荷密度导致电化学动力学缓慢。为了缓解这个问题，过渡金属硫化物 （TMS） 已被提出作为解决方案，并作为 MIB 中的阴极进行了深入研究，因为硫的软特性可以削弱不需要的静电相互作用（硫的低电荷密度和高理论容量）。然而，TMS 存在体积变化大、电子导电性差以及有害的副反应等问题，这些都会导致循环性能下降。为此，已经提出了许多解决方案来解决这些问题。