Single-source vapor deposition of halide perovskites has, to date, remained challenging due to the dissimilar volatilities of the precursors, limiting the controlled transfer of multiple elements at once. Here, we demonstrate that pulsed laser deposition (PLD) addresses the rate-control challenges of single-source evaporation, enabling perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies above 19% after passivation. Combining dry mechanochemical synthesis and PLD, we fabricated (Cl-passivated) MA_1−xFA_xPbI₃ films from a single-source target. These films grow on hole-selective self-assembled monolayers, initially forming a thin PbI₂-rich layer, which fully converts to perovskite. An oleylammonium iodide (OAmI) post-treatment is then applied to passivate the perovskite’s top surface by forming a 2D perovskite film. Incorporating PbCl₂ in the target and applying OAmI-based 2D passivation results in a remarkable 19.7% efficiency for p-i-n perovskite solar cells with enhanced device stability. This highlights the appeal of PLD to fully unlock the potential of single-source vapor-deposited perovskites.

中文翻译：

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通过批量和二维钝化增强性能的单源脉冲激光沉积钙钛矿太阳能电池


迄今为止，由于前驱体的挥发性不同，限制了多种元素的受控转移，迄今为止，卤化物钙钛矿的单源气相沉积仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们证明脉冲激光沉积 (PLD) 解决了单源蒸发的速率控制挑战，使钙钛矿太阳能电池在钝化后的功率转换效率超过 19%。结合干式机械化学合成和 PLD，我们从单源靶材制造了（Cl 钝化）MA _1−x FA _x PbI ₃薄膜。这些薄膜在空穴选择性自组装单层上生长，最初形成薄的富含 PbI ₂的层，该层完全转化为钙钛矿。然后进行油烯碘化铵 (OAmI) 后处理，通过形成 2D 钙钛矿薄膜来钝化钙钛矿的顶表面。在靶材中加入 PbCl ₂并应用基于 OAmI 的 2D 钝化，可使 pin 钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率达到 19.7%，并增强器件稳定性。这凸显了 PLD 充分释放单源气相沉积钙钛矿潜力的吸引力。