The present study aims to investigate the mechanism by which triclosan influences the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the whole anaerobic digestion process. qPCR and metagenomic analyses revealed that triclosan facilitated ARGs dissemination in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, integrons exhibited a significant correlation with the majority of quantified ARGs, and various ARGs were frequently linked on integron gene cassettes. Microbial community and redundancy analyses indicated that triclosan altered the components of dominant ARGs hosts Firmicutes, Synergistetes and Bacteroidetes. Path modeling analysis confirmed integrons were the main driving force for facilitating ARGs dissemination. The promoted ARGs dissemination may be associated with the increased reactive oxygen species generation, cell membrane permeability, close-connected the ARGs transfer related regulatory proteins induced by triclosan. This study broadens the understanding of triclosan facilitates ARGs dissemination through anaerobic treatment, the strategies for preventing potential risks should be proposed in practice.

中文翻译：

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三氯生促进厌氧消化过程中抗生素抗性基因的传播：关注水平转移和微生物反应


本研究旨在探讨三氯生在整个厌氧消化过程中影响抗生素抗性基因（ARG）传播的机制。 qPCR 和宏基因组分析表明，三氯生以剂量和时间依赖性方式促进 ARG 传播。此外，整合子与大多数定量的 ARG 表现出显着的相关性，并且各种 ARG 经常连接在整合子基因盒上。微生物群落和冗余分析表明，三氯生改变了主要 ARG 宿主厚壁菌门、协同菌门和拟杆菌门的组成。路径建模分析证实整合子是促进 ARG 传播的主要驱动力。 ARGs传播的促进可能与三氯生诱导的活性氧生成增加、细胞膜通透性增加、ARGs转运相关调节蛋白紧密相关有关。本研究拓宽了对三氯生通过厌氧处理促进ARGs传播的认识，并在实践中提出预防潜在风险的策略。