Purpose of Review

The invasion of North America by the Asian beetle Agrilus planipennis has caused severe economic and ecological damage to ash (Fraxinus) tree populations. Agrilus planipennis has recently entered eastern Europe and is spreading there. Many other Agrilus species can potentially become invasive pests due to the cryptic nature of their immature stages that can be inconspicuously transported within infested plant material. We review the ecology, economic impacts, and management strategies of Agrilus worldwide and highlight research gaps.

Recent Findings

Much has been learned in recent decades about the basic biology and control tactics for a few Agrilus species, especially A. planipennis.

Summary

The genus Agrilus has over 3,341 described species, making it the largest genus in the Animal Kingdom. Most Agrilus are univoltine and have a narrow host range. Chemical, tactile, and visual cues of host plants are used by adult Agrilus to select suitable hosts for consumption by adults and larvae. Most Agrilus larvae develop within the cambial region, constructing galleries that effectively girdle the host plant. Mechanisms of host plant resistance are being explored. Diverse groups of natural enemies attack all life stages of Agrilus species, with some coevolved specialist parasitoids being introduced successfully to suppress A. planipennis in North America. Climate change, leading to warmer and drier conditions, will influence the distribution and population dynamics of many Agrilus species. Many research gaps still exist in the areas of biocontrol, host plant resistance, and sustainable management strategies for this important group of plant pests.

中文翻译：

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田小甲虫的生态学、经济学和管理

 审查目的

亚洲甲虫Agrilus planipennis入侵北美，对白蜡树种群造成了严重的经济和生态破坏。 Agrilus planipennis最近进入东欧并正在那里传播。许多其他小袋鼠属物种可能会成为入侵性害虫，因为它们的未成熟阶段具有隐蔽性，可以在受感染的植物材料中不引人注目地传播。我们回顾了Agrilus在全球范围内的生态、经济影响和管理策略，并强调了研究差距。

 最近的发现

近几十年来，人们对一些小苗属物种（尤其是A. planipennis）的基本生物学和控制策略有了很多了解。

 概括

Agrilus属有超过 3,341 个已描述的物种，使其成为动物王国中最大的属。大多数小苗是单性的，寄主范围很窄。成虫利用寄主植物的化学、触觉和视觉线索来选择合适的寄主供成虫和幼虫食用。大多数小袋鼠幼虫在形成层区域发育，构建有效包围寄主植物的廊道。宿主植物的抗性机制正在探索中。不同群体的天敌会攻击小鳅属物种的所有生命阶段，一些共同进化的专业寄生蜂被成功引入北美以抑制小鳅属。气候变化导致气候变暖和干燥，将影响许多小苗的分布和种群动态。在这一重要植物害虫的生物防治、寄主植物抗性和可持续管理策略领域仍然存在许多研究空白。