Food and eating are fundamental for survival but also have significant impacts on health, psychology, sociology, and economics. Understanding what motivates people to eat can provide insights into "adaptive" eating behavior, which is especially important due to the increasing prevalence of health-related conditions such as obesity. There has been considerable interest in developing theoretical models and associated constructs that explain individual differences in eating behavior. However, many of these models contain overlapping theories and shared theoretical mechanisms of action. Currently, there is no recognized standard framework that integrates psychological, physiological, and neurobiological theory to help explain human eating behavior. The aim of the current article was to review key psychological theories in relation to energy balance, homeostasis, energy intake, and motivation to eat and begin to develop a comprehensive framework of relevant factors that drive eating behavior. The key findings from this review suggest that eating behavior is conceptualized by elements of dual process models, which include conscious processing (reflective factors) and automatic responses to desires, environmental cues, habits, and associative learning. These processes are mediated by neurobiology and physiological signaling (homeostatic feedback) of energy balance, which is more tolerant of positive than negative energy balances. From a synthesis of available evidence, it is suggested that eating behavior constructs (traits) can be explained by three latent constructs: reflective, reactive, and homeostatic eating. By understanding the interplay between reflective, reactive, and homeostatic processes, interventions can be developed that tailor treatments to target key aspects of eating behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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探索自我报告饮食行为测量的潜在心理结构：走向综合框架。


食物和饮食是生存的基础，但也对健康、心理学、社会学和经济学产生重大影响。了解人们进食的动机可以深入了解“适应性”饮食行为，由于肥胖等健康相关疾病的患病率日益增加，这一点尤其重要。人们对开发解释饮食行为个体差异的理论模型和相关结构产生了很大的兴趣。然而，许多这些模型包含重叠的理论和共同的理论作用机制。目前，还没有公认的标准框架整合心理学、生理学和神经生物学理论来帮助解释人类饮食行为。本文的目的是回顾与能量平衡、体内平衡、能量摄入和进食动机相关的关键心理学理论，并开始开发驱动饮食行为的相关因素的综合框架。这篇综述的主要发现表明，饮食行为是由双重过程模型的元素概念化的，其中包括有意识的处理（反思因素）和对欲望、环境线索、习惯和联想学习的自动反应。这些过程是由能量平衡的神经生物学和生理信号（稳态反馈）介导的，能量平衡比负能量平衡更能容忍正能量平衡。从现有证据的综合来看，饮食行为结构（特征）可以通过三种潜在结构来解释：反思性饮食、反应性饮食和稳态饮食。 通过了解反思、反应和稳态过程之间的相互作用，可以开发干预措施，针对饮食行为的关键方面制定治疗方案。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。