In this article, we compare two theories of habituation: the standard operating processes (SOP) and the multiple time scales (MTS) models. Both theories propose that habituation is due to a reduction in the difference between actual and remembered stimulation. Although the two approaches explain short-term habituation using a similar nonassociative mechanism based on a time-decaying memory of recent stimulus presentations, their understanding of retention of habituation or long-term habituation differs. SOP suggests that retention of habituation happens through associative retrieval from a long-term memory store, while MTS relies on the differential decay rate of a series of memory units. This essential difference implies that spontaneous recovery, which refers to the return of the response to levels above those reached during habituation, is predominantly a consequence of a mixture of decay and loss of association for SOP and exclusively of decay for MTS. We analyze these mechanisms conceptually and mathematically and demonstrate their functioning with computer simulations of conceptual and published experiments. We evaluate both theories regarding parsimony and explanatory power and propose potential experiments to evaluate their predictions. We provide MATLAB-Simulink and Python codes for the simulations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对标准操作流程 (SOP) 和多时间尺度 (MTS) 习惯理论的正式分析。


在本文中，我们比较了两种习惯理论：标准操作流程（SOP）和多时间尺度（MTS）模型。两种理论都认为，习惯化是由于实际刺激和记忆刺激之间的差异减少所致。尽管这两种方法使用基于最近刺激呈现的时间衰减记忆的类似非联想机制来解释短期习惯，但它们对习惯保留或长期习惯的理解不同。 SOP 表明，习惯的保留是通过从长期记忆存储中进行联想检索来实现的，而 MTS 则依赖于一系列记忆单元的差异衰减率。这一本质区别意味着自发恢复（指反应恢复到高于习惯期间达到的水平）主要是 SOP 衰变和关联丧失的混合结果，而 MTS 则完全是衰变的结果。我们从概念和数学角度分析这些机制，并通过概念和已发表实验的计算机模拟来证明它们的功能。我们评估了关于简约性和解释力的两种理论，并提出了潜在的实验来评估他们的预测。我们提供用于仿真的 MATLAB-Simulink 和 Python 代码。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。