Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are commonly used for cancer patients and survivors to reduce symptoms, but little is known about effects on positive health outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of MBIs on positive health outcomes (mindfulness skills, self-compassion, positive affect, coping, social support, well-being, personal growth, and spirituality) in cancer patients and survivors. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAH) were searched (grey literature was not included), abstracts and full texts were screened, and MBI quality and risk of bias were assessed. Effect sizes were calculated and data was analyzed using a frequentist analytical strategy. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of MBIs compared to any type of control on positive health outcomes in cancer patients or survivors. Based on 46 RCTs eligible for meta-analysis, statistical significant effects were observed for all positive health outcomes at post-treatment. Effect sizes ranged from small (positive affect; Hedges's g = 0.26) to large (spirituality, g = 0.91). At follow-up, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, personal growth, and spirituality reached statistical significance, with effect sizes ranging from small (positive affect; g = 0.07) to medium (spirituality; g = 0.61) and large (post-traumatic growth; g = 1.40). Taken together, significant effects of MBIs were found for several positive outcomes in cancer patients and survivors, with the strongest evidence found for mindfulness skills. MBIs may play a key role in improving well-being in this population.

中文翻译：

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基于正念的干预对癌症患者和幸存者的积极健康结果：系统评价和荟萃分析


基于正念的干预 （MBI） 通常用于癌症患者和幸存者以减轻症状，但对积极健康结果的影响知之甚少。我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定 MBI 对癌症患者和幸存者积极健康结果（正念技能、自我同情、积极影响、应对、社会支持、幸福感、个人成长和灵性）的影响。检索了四个数据库 （PubMed、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 CINAH） （不包括灰色文献），筛选了摘要和全文，并评估了 MBI 质量和偏倚风险。计算效应量并使用频率分析策略分析数据。符合条件的研究是随机对照试验 （RCT），评估 MBI 与任何类型的对照相比对癌症患者或幸存者积极健康结局的影响。基于 46 项符合荟萃分析条件的 RCT，观察到治疗后所有积极健康结局的统计学显着影响。效应大小范围从小（积极影响;Hedges's g = 0.26） 到 large （灵性，g = 0.91）。在随访中，正念技能、自我同情、个人成长和灵性达到统计学意义，效应大小从小（积极影响;g = 0.07）到中等（灵性;g = 0.61）和大（创伤后成长;g = 1.40）不等。综上所述，发现 MBI 对癌症患者和幸存者的几项积极结果有显着影响，其中正念技能的证据最有力。MBI 可能在改善该人群的福祉方面发挥关键作用。