Crop translational genomics applies breeding techniques based on genomic datasets to improve crops. Technological breakthroughs in the past ten years have made it possible to sequence the genomes of increasing numbers of crop varieties and have assisted in the genetic dissection of crop performance. However, translating research findings to breeding applications remains challenging. Here we review recent progress and future prospects for crop translational genomics in bringing results from the laboratory to the field. Genetic mapping, genomic selection and sequence-assisted characterization and deployment of plant genetic resources utilize rapid genotyping of large populations. These approaches have all had an impact on breeding for qualitative traits, where single genes with large phenotypic effects exert their influence. Characterization of the complex genetic architectures that underlie quantitative traits such as yield and flowering time, especially in newly domesticated crops, will require further basic research, including research into regulation and interactions of genes and the integration of genomic approaches and high-throughput phenotyping, before targeted interventions can be designed. Future priorities for translation include supporting genomics-assisted breeding in low-income countries and adaptation of crops to changing environments.

作物转化基因组学应用基于基因组数据集的育种技术来改进作物。过去十年的技术突破使得对越来越多的作物品种的基因组进行测序成为可能，并有助于作物性能的遗传解剖。然而，将研究结果转化为育种应用仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们回顾了作物转化基因组学的最新进展和未来前景，将实验室结果带到田间。植物遗传资源的遗传图谱、基因组选择和序列辅助表征和部署利用了大量种群的快速基因分型。这些方法都对定性性状的育种产生了影响，其中具有较大表型效应的单个基因发挥了其影响。表征作为产量和开花时间等数量性状基础的复杂遗传结构，尤其是在新驯化的作物中，需要进一步的基础研究，包括研究基因的调控和相互作用以及基因组方法和高通量表型的整合，然后才能设计有针对性的干预措施。未来转化的重点包括支持低收入国家的基因组学辅助育种和使作物适应不断变化的环境。