Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin are well-established liver biomarkers with significant physiological functions. Alterations in these liver function tests can be indicative of the presence and progression of acute and chronic liver conditions such as liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary disease, and liver failure. Therefore, accurate and quantitative detection of these biomarkers is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring liver disease. There are several commercially available chemistry analyzers capable of simultaneously detecting all these biomarkers, as well as numerous biosensors designed for individual detection. Various techniques have been employed, including colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), fluorescence-based techniques, and electrochemical methods. Among these, electrochemical detection stands out due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, low sample volume requirement, label-free detection, high sensitivity, fast response times, miniaturization, and portability. Information on recently developed electrochemical biosensors is summarized through detailed tables and is intended to guide future research and development efforts in this area.

中文翻译：

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肝脏生物标志物检测电化学方法的当前趋势：小型综述


天冬氨酸转氨酶 （AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶 （ALT）、胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转移酶 （GGT）、碱性磷酸酶 （ALP） 和白蛋白是公认的肝脏生物标志物，具有显着的生理功能。这些肝功能检查的改变可能表明急性和慢性肝脏疾病的存在和进展，例如肝硬化、非酒精性脂肪肝、胆道疾病和肝衰竭。因此，准确定量检测这些生物标志物对于诊断和监测肝病至关重要。有几种市售的化学分析仪能够同时检测所有这些生物标志物，以及许多专为单独检测而设计的生物传感器。已经采用了各种技术，包括比色法、表面增强拉曼光谱 （SERS）、电化学发光 （ECL）、基于荧光的技术和电化学方法。其中，电化学检测因其简单性、成本效益、低样品量要求、无标记检测、高灵敏度、快速响应时间、小型化和便携性而脱颖而出。有关最近开发的电化学生物传感器的信息通过详细的表格进行了总结，旨在指导该领域的未来研发工作。