Politicians frequently voice criticisms vis‐à‐vis bureaucracy, its organizations, and its employees. Previous studies point at the negative impact of this “bureaucratic bashing” on public sector morale, recruitment, retention, and citizen perceptions. Yet, systematic evidence on bashing remains sparse, with even less known about its counterpart: bureaucratic praising. This article aims to fill this gap by conceptualizing both phenomena as forms of framing, by distinguishing macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐levels, and by innovatively using organizational reputation theory to develop a multidimensional framework for the systematic analysis of bureaucratic framing. Empirically, we apply this framework to a novel dataset of 70,853 hand‐coded tweets posted by 33 Dutch politicians, covering a wide range of ideological viewpoints. We find that politicians do not so much frame the civil service performatively, in terms of being lazy (or hard working), but rather bash or praise bureaucratic organizations for their (im)morality, whereby four moral subdimensions can be identified.

中文翻译：

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从绩效到道德：政客如何塑造官僚机构、其组织和公共部门雇员


政治家经常对官僚机构、其组织及其雇员提出批评。此前的研究指出，这种“官僚主义抨击”对公共部门的士气、招聘、保留和公民认知产生了负面影响。然而，关于抨击的系统证据仍然很少，而对其对应物：官僚赞扬的了解则更少。本文旨在填补这一空白，将这两种现象概念化为框架形式，区分宏观、中观和微观层面，并创新地利用组织声誉理论开发一个多维框架来系统分析官僚框架。根据经验，我们将此框架应用于由 33 名荷兰政客发布的 70,853 条手工编码推文组成的新颖数据集，涵盖了广泛的意识形态观点。我们发现，政客们并没有过多地从懒惰（或勤奋）的角度来表现公务员队伍，而是抨击或赞扬官僚组织的（不）道德，由此可以确定四个道德维度。