Although situated at the geographic margin of the early modern Atlantic World, the Pacific coast of Peru was an important region in the development of African diasporic material culture. Adopting an interdisciplinary material historical approach, we present the first systematic discussion of the known Afro-Atlantic-style tobacco pipes to be archaeologically recovered in Peru. Eighteen Afro-Atlantic-style tobacco pipes or pipe sherds dating to Peru’s Spanish colonial period have been identified across sites in the coastal cities of Lima and Trujillo and from a vineyard hacienda in rural Nasca. Tobacco pipes are among the most recognized and debated forms of early modern Atlantic African and diasporic expressions of material culture, as such, they present a powerful entry point to understanding the aesthetic consequences of colonial projects and diverse articulations across the Atlantic World. The material history of Afro-Atlantic smoking culture exemplifies how aesthetics moved between localities and developed diasporic entanglements. In addition to the formal analysis and visual description of the pipes, we examine historical documentation and the work of nineteenth-century Afro-Peruvian watercolorist Francisco (Pancho) Fierro to better understand the aesthetics of Afro-Andean smoking culture in Spanish colonial and early Republican Peru.

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非裔安第斯吸烟文化的美学：大西洋世界边缘的近代早期秘鲁烟斗


尽管秘鲁太平洋沿岸位于现代早期大西洋世界的地理边缘，但它是非洲侨民物质文化发展的重要地区。我们采用跨学科的材料历史方法，对秘鲁考古发现的已知非洲大西洋风格烟斗进行了首次系统讨论。在沿海城市利马和特鲁希略以及纳斯卡乡村的一个葡萄园庄园中，已发现了 18 个可追溯到秘鲁西班牙殖民时期的非洲大西洋风格烟斗或烟斗碎片。烟斗是早期现代大西洋非洲和侨民物质文化表达中最受认可和争议的形式之一，因此，它们为理解整个大西洋世界的殖民项目和多样化表达的美学后果提供了一个强有力的切入点。非洲裔大西洋吸烟文化的物质史体现了美学如何在不同地区之间流动并发展出侨民纠葛。除了对烟斗的形式分析和视觉描述之外，我们还研究了历史文献和十九世纪非裔秘鲁水彩画家弗朗西斯科（潘乔）菲耶罗的作品，以更好地理解西班牙殖民时期和早期共和国时期非裔安第斯吸烟文化的美学秘鲁。