The concentration of human activity and buildings in cities, combined with the general lack of green spaces, give rise to multiple sustainability challenges. At the same time, cities have become important arenas for decarbonization efforts. Green roofs have emerged as a promising option to alleviate this multitude of sustainability challenges though the diverse benefits they can provide. This study systematically reviews 386 peer-reviewed studies across eleven benefit categories, spanning climatic benefits (e.g. energy and greenhouse gases emissions savings, carbon sequestration and storage), as well as non-climatic benefits such as noise and air pollution mitigation, stormwater retention, and improved biodiversity and human wellbeing. The literature shows that green roofs can provide all of these benefits through different mechanisms, but that the actual magnitude of benefits depends on various factors. Although intensive green roofs generally perform better across almost all benefit categories, the available evidence is currently dominated by literature on extensive green roofs (80 % of reviewed articles). Similarly, for most benefit categories the bulk of the evidence comes from modeling and simulations, rather than experimental studies in real-world conditions. There are notable research gaps in terms of long-term studies that explore benefit delivery over long periods of time, and case studies from the global South.

中文翻译：

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系统审查城市地区绿色屋顶的气候和非气候效益


人类活动和建筑集中在城市，加上普遍缺乏绿色空间，带来了多重可持续发展挑战。与此同时，城市已成为脱碳工作的重要场所。绿色屋顶已成为缓解众多可持续发展挑战的有前途的选择，尽管它们可以提供多种好处。这项研究系统地回顾了 386 项同行评审研究，涉及 11 个效益类别，涵盖气候效益（例如能源和温室气体排放节约、碳封存和储存），以及非气候效益，例如减轻噪音和空气污染、雨水滞留、并改善生物多样性和人类福祉。文献表明，绿色屋顶可以通过不同的机制提供所有这些好处，但实际好处的大小取决于各种因素。尽管集约化绿色屋顶通常在几乎所有效益类别中都表现更好，但目前可用的证据主要是关于广泛式绿色屋顶的文献（80％的评论文章）。同样，对于大多数益处类别，大部分证据来自建模和模拟，而不是现实条件下的实验研究。在探索长期福利交付的长期研究以及来自全球南方的案例研究方面存在显着的研究差距。