Land use changes can drive distinct spatial and temporal shifts in community structure. In urban areas, the historical trajectory of land use changes can create a time lag between landscape modification and their impact on species, potentially leading to an extinction debt. The detection of an extinction debt may be crucial for mitigating taxonomic and functional diversity losses in the future. Here, we investigated the effect of historical changes in landscape composition on bird assemblages in a city from central-west Brazil (Campo Grande). We evaluated whether taxonomic (species richness) and functional diversity (functional divergence) of bird assemblages are explained by present-day and/or past landscape composition. We used a dataset of birds sampled in 61 local landscapes, each of them with 16 ha, during the months of February and March 2016. We quantified the proportions of native forest and urban infrastructure for three different years (1985, 2000 and 2016). Then, we selected 30 local landscapes that have experienced an increase in urbanization throughout the years. Bird species richness was explained by the percentage of urban infrastructure in the past (year 2000), suggesting the presence of a taxonomic extinction debt in Campo Grande. On the other hand, we didn’t find evidence of an extinction debt for bird functional diversity, as the null model was as plausible as the other selected models. The protection and restoration of native vegetation may improve the quality of urban areas and prevent the payment of this extinction debt.

中文翻译：

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在 Cerrado 热点地区的城市地区鸟类群落中存在分类学而非功能多样性灭绝债务的证据


土地利用变化可以驱动社区结构的不同空间和时间变化。在城市地区，土地利用变化的历史轨迹会在景观改造及其对物种的影响之间产生时间滞后，从而可能导致灭绝债务。检测灭绝债务对于减轻未来分类和功能多样性的损失可能至关重要。在这里，我们研究了景观构成的历史变化对巴西中西部城市 （Campo Grande） 鸟类组合的影响。我们评估了鸟类组合的分类学（物种丰富度）和功能多样性（功能差异）是否可以用现在和/或过去的景观构成来解释。我们使用了 2016 年 2 月和 3 月在 61 个当地景观中采样的鸟类数据集，每个景观的面积为 16 公顷。我们量化了三个不同年份（1985 年、2000 年和 2016 年）原始森林和城市基础设施的比例。然后，我们选择了 30 个多年来城市化程度增加的当地景观。鸟类物种丰富性可以用过去（2000 年）城市基础设施的百分比来解释，这表明 Campo Grande 存在分类灭绝债务。另一方面，我们没有找到鸟类功能多样性灭绝债务的证据，因为零模型与其他选定的模型一样合理。保护和恢复原生植被可能会提高城市地区的质量并防止支付这种灭绝债务。