The disposal of biodegradable materials, particularly fruits and vegetables, has emerged as a critical environmental concern. Recycling the components of such wastes is paramount to preserving the natural environment. Incorporating biochar-based fertilizer (BCF) in agricultural practices can boost soil nutrient levels. Nevertheless, the effects of BCF derived from fruit and vegetable wastes on crops and soil microbiomes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the ecological influences of substituting chemical fertilizers (CF) with BCF and organic fertilizer (OF) at three ratios based on a 3-year-maize-field experiment. The findings revealed that BCF substitution enhanced plant growth and community function comparable to that achieved with OF, with the optimum substitution ratio being 2 BCF: 1 CF. BCF and OF promoted maize yield by 2341 % and 2339 %, compared to the CF treatment. The BCF and OF substitution strongly increased the microbial diversity regardless of ratios. And BCF substitution increased carbon- and nitrogen-use efficiency by 3288 % and 53105 %. Particularly, the soil nutrient indexes which driven the community assembly variation to be more stochastic, and relevant key species was closely associated with maize yield and nutrient utilization. Thus, biodegradable wastes could be recycled as fertilizers, paving the way for more sustainable agricultural practices.

中文翻译：

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当使用由可生物降解废物制成的生物炭基肥料时，土壤微生物组调节群落功能


可生物降解材料的处置，尤其是水果和蔬菜，已成为一个关键的环境问题。回收这些废物的成分对于保护自然环境至关重要。在农业实践中加入生物炭基肥料 （BCF） 可以提高土壤养分水平。然而，来自水果和蔬菜废弃物的 BCF 对作物和土壤微生物组的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在基于 3 年玉米田间试验，以 3 年玉米田间试验为基础，检验用 BCF 和有机肥 （OF） 以三种比例替代化肥 （CF） 的生态影响。研究结果表明，BCF 取代促进了植物生长和群落功能，与 OF 相当，最佳替代率为 2 BCF：1 CF。与 CF 处理相比，BCF 和 OF 分别提高了 2341 % 和 2339 % 的玉米产量。BCF 和 OF 取代强烈增加了微生物多样性，无论比例如何。BCF 替代使碳和氮利用效率提高了 3288 % 和 53105 %。特别是驱动群落组装变异更具随机性的土壤养分指数，以及相关关键物种与玉米产量和养分利用密切相关。因此，可生物降解的废物可以作为肥料回收利用，为更可持续的农业实践铺平道路。