CO2 geological storage is a critical component of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, and a key technical path towards achieving carbon neutrality. This study offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical and technical methods of onshore geological CO2 storage, and highlights that current CO2 terrestrial storage demonstration projects primarily focus on the traditional oil and gas reservoir collaborative flooding technology. Simultaneously, global CO2 geological storage projects have begun to accelerate the development of deep saline aquifers storage and large-scale clustering in the direction of tens of millions of tons. In comparison to land-based sites, marine carbon sequestration sites possess greater storage potential, and are gradually emerging as the primary battlefield for carbon sequestration in the future due to their distance from aquifers and associated low risk. Storage in deep saline aquifers at marine area is the primary research focus in carbon sequestration, while the storage of submarine basalt mineralization holds great potential. The storage of CO2 in the form of solid hydrate within appropriate seabed sediment environments or the formation of artificial CO2 hydrate cap layer is conducive to the safe and efficient development of natural gas hydrate resources, and has emerged as a new hot research topic. In the future, the focus of CO2 geological storage should be on the fine assessment and regional optimization of carbon storage potential, the implementation of demonstration projects of the entire marine geological carbon storage process encompassing capture, transportation, injection and geophysical monitoring, and the establishment of an intelligent, real-time, and professional database integrating geological, engineering and environmental aspects of carbon storage. This study holds significant relevance in accurately identifying the future technical research direction of CO2 geological carbon sequestration, fostering technological advancements and innovations in carbon sequestration, and propelling the leapfrog development of CO2 carbon sequestration in the submarine areas.

中文翻译：

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陆上到海上CO2地质封存技术研究现状与展望


CO2 地质封存是碳捕集、利用与封存 （CCUS） 技术的重要组成部分，也是实现碳中和的关键技术路径。本文对陆上地质 CO2 封存的理论和技术方法进行了全面综述，指出当前 CO2 陆地封存示范项目主要集中在传统的油气藏协同驱油技术上。同时，全球 CO2 地质封存项目已开始加速开发深层咸水层封存和数千万吨方向的大规模集群化。与陆地站点相比，海洋碳汇站点具有更大的封存潜力，并且由于远离含水层且相关风险较低，正逐渐成为未来碳汇的主要战场。海域深层咸水层封存是碳封存的主要研究重点，海底玄武岩矿化封存具有巨大潜力。在适当的海底沉积物环境中以固体水合物形式储存 CO2 或形成人工 CO2 水合物覆盖层，有利于天然气水合物资源的安全高效开发，已成为新的研究热点。 未来，CO2地质封存的重点应放在碳封存潜力的精细评价和区域优化上，实施捕集、运输、注入和物探监测等海洋地质碳封存全过程示范工程，建立集碳封存地质、工程和环境为一体的智能、实时、专业化数据库。本研究对于准确识别未来 CO2 地质固碳的技术研究方向，促进固碳技术进步和创新，推动海底 CO2 固碳的跨越式发展具有重要意义。