This study explored the dynamic processes of algae-bacteria biofilms in the remediation of aquaculture pond effluents as a novel treatment strategy. The purification capacity of the biofilms, changes in community composition, and their impact on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated under the application of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 μg/L. The study also considered the factors influencing the abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) across different seasons, including the roles of environmental parameters and microbial community structure.The results showed that, although exposure to SMX reduced nutrient removal efficiency, photosynthetic activity, and increased oxidative stress levels, the biofilms maintained relatively high purification efficiency (with nutrient removal rates ranging from 67.62 % to 93.23 % and SMX removal rate reaching 50.13 % ± 12.34 %), demonstrating adaptability to SMX stress. Network analysis identified key microbial carriers responsible for ARG dissemination, highlighting the complex interactions between environmental factors, microbial communities, and resistance gene propagation. These findings enhance our understanding of biofilm-based water treatment systems and the seasonal factors affecting the dynamics of ARGs and MGEs.

中文翻译：

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利用藻类细菌生物膜处理磺胺甲噁唑胁迫下水产养殖尾水净化的研究：养分去除效率、微生物群落和 ARGs


本研究探讨了藻类细菌生物膜作为一种新型处理策略修复水产养殖池污水的动态过程。在浓度范围为 100 至 1000 μg/L 的磺胺甲噁唑 （SMX） 的应用下，研究了生物膜的净化能力、群落组成的变化及其对抗生素耐药基因 （ARGs） 传播的影响。该研究还考虑了影响不同季节 ARGs 和移动遗传元件 （MGE） 丰度和多样性的因素，包括环境参数和微生物群落结构的作用。结果表明，尽管 SMX 降低了养分去除效率、光合活性并增加了氧化应激水平，但生物膜保持了较高的净化效率（养分去除率从 67.62 % 到 93.23 % 不等，SMX 去除率达到 50.13 % ± 12.34 %），表现出对 SMX 胁迫的适应性。网络分析确定了负责 ARG 传播的关键微生物载体，突出了环境因素、微生物群落和耐药基因传播之间的复杂相互作用。这些发现增强了我们对基于生物膜的水处理系统以及影响 ARG 和 MGE 动力学的季节性因素的理解。