In this study, different concentrations of aqueous ammonia and pure water were fumigated and aspirated into the cylinder from the engine intake manifold. Aqueous ammonia (NH4OH) with 5 %, 10 % and 15 % ammonia (NH3) concentration was used in the experiments. Both aqueous ammonia and pure water were converted into cold vapor using an ultrasonic evaporator and conveyed to the combustion chamber as fume. Experiments were carried out at a constant engine speed of 660 rpm. Torque values of 25 %, 50 %, and 100 % (386 Nm) were used in the experiments, respectively. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that as the ammonia percentage increased, the engine efficiency was negatively affected. At 100 % torque, when comparing the BTE value of pure diesel fuel with the BTE values of experiments with 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % ammonia addition, decreases of 0.09 %, 2.27 %, and 3.57 % were observed, respectively. In experiments conducted with pure water, although the thermal efficiency increased significantly as the torque ratio increased, it still could not reach the thermal efficiency of pure diesel fuel. On the other hand, it has been observed that water vapor improves NO and HC emissions. While the NOx value tends to increase with the increase in ammonia concentration at low and medium load values, the NOx value tends to decrease relatively as the ammonia concentration increases at 100 % torque value. The highest NOx emission value, 534 ppmvol, occurred in the experiments with 15 % NH4OH addition. It was observed that the NOx emission value of all experiments conducted with aqueous ammonia additive at 100 % torque was lower than pure diesel. In this study, the effects of NH4OH and H2O on engine performance and emissions were investigated.

中文翻译：

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氨水和水混合物对压燃式发动机效率和排放影响的实验研究


在这项研究中，将不同浓度的氨水和纯水从发动机进气歧管熏蒸并吸入气缸中。实验中使用了浓度为 5 %、10 % 和 15 % 氨 （NH3） 的氨水 （NH4OH）。氨水和纯水都使用超声波蒸发器转化为冷蒸汽，并以烟雾的形式输送到燃烧室。实验是在 660 rpm 的恒定发动机转速下进行的。实验中分别使用了 25 %、50 % 和 100 % （386 Nm） 的扭矩值。实验结果表明，随着氨百分比的增加，发动机效率受到负面影响。在 100 % 扭矩下，当将纯柴油燃料的 BTE 值与添加 5 %、10 % 和 15 % 氨的实验的 BTE 值进行比较时，观察到分别降低了 0.09 %、2.27 % 和 3.57 %。在用纯水进行的实验中，虽然热效率随着扭矩比的增加而显著提高，但仍然无法达到纯柴油燃料的热效率。另一方面，据观察，水蒸气改善了 NO 和 HC 的排放。虽然在低负载值和中等负载值下，NOx 值往往随着氨浓度的增加而增加，但随着氨浓度在 100% 扭矩值下增加，NOx 值趋于相对降低。最高的 NOx 排放值为 534 ppmvol，发生在添加 15% NH4OH 的实验中。据观察，使用 100% 扭矩的氨水添加剂进行的所有实验的 NOx 排放值都低于纯柴油。在这项研究中，研究了 NH4OH 和 H2O 对发动机性能和排放的影响。