The atmospheric particulate pollution poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. The dust particle pollution caused by the operation of agricultural machinery is becoming increasingly severe and the peanut pickup harvesters are widely used in agricultural operation. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of dust particles in the work of peanut pickup harvesters. In this study, a self-designed dust-fall box composed of multipleaxial flow cyclone tubes in parallel was integrated with the peanut pickup harvester. Based on the CFD-DPM model, simulation analysis was conducted to explore the effects of different inlet velocities, different numbers of swirling blades, and two types of exhaust port on the dust removal performance of the cyclone. The Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal structural parameters of the axial flow cyclone. The influence of the pressure distribution and velocity variations of the internal flow field on the dust removal efficiency of the two schemes was simulated and analyzed. Thereafter, a reasonable parallel scheme of multiple axial flow cyclone tubes in the dust-fall box was determined. The drone was used to monitor dust in peanut harvesting operations, and dust particle concentrations at 8 detection points under varying working conditions were recorded. The distribution and diffusion rules of dust in harvesting operations were explored through cluster analysis, and the test data obtained were compared with numerical calculation results to verify the accuracy of numerical calculation. The results showed that for a single axial flow cyclone, when the inlet wind speed was 6 m/s to 8 m/s and the number of swirling blades was 4, the structural parameters of the cyclone separator had significant influence on the separation efficiency. The influencing factors ranking in descending order were cylinder diameter, cylinder length, and exhaust pipe insertion depth, respectively. To be more precisely, the separation efficiency was best when the cylinder diameter was 60 mm, the cylinder length was 150 mm, the insertion depth of the exhaust pipe was 50 mm and the cone angle was 20°. It was more reasonable to use 8 axial flow cyclone tubes in parallel, and the maximum separation efficiency can reach 84.21 %. Field operations showed that the numerical calculation results were similar to the actual harvesting process. The dust particle concentration in the peanut harvesting operation equipped with a dust-fall box was always lower than 10 mg/m3. The dust particle concentration was the highest at the rear of the whole machine and the lowest near the cab. Compared conventional harvesters, the harvester with a dust-fall box reduced its dust particle concentration by 64.37 %; the concentration of 30 μm dust particles was reduced by 69.31 %; the dust particle concentration at the rear of the whole machine also effectively reduced. This study can provide reference for controlling dust emissions during peanut harvesting operations and agricultural machinery harvesting operations.

中文翻译：

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自行设计的轴流落尘箱式花生捡拾收获机中尘埃颗粒对其抑尘性能的影响分析


大气颗粒物污染对人类健康和生态环境构成严重威胁。农业机械运行造成的尘埃颗粒污染日益严重，花生捡拾收割机在农业作业中得到广泛应用。因此，有必要降低花生捡拾收割机工作中灰尘颗粒的浓度。在本研究中，由多轴流旋风管并联组成的自主设计的落尘箱与花生捡拾收割机集成在一起。基于 CFD-DPM 模型，进行仿真分析，探究不同入口速度、不同旋流叶片数量和两种排气口对旋流器除尘性能的影响。Box-Behnken 设计用于确定轴流旋风分离器的最佳结构参数。仿真分析了内部流场的压力分布和速度变化对两种方案除尘效率的影响。此后，确定了落尘箱内多个轴流旋风管的合理并联方案。该无人机用于监测花生收获作业中的灰尘，并记录了不同工况下 8 个检测点的灰尘颗粒浓度。通过聚类分析探究了采收作业中粉尘的分布和扩散规律，并将获得的测试数据与数值计算结果进行比对，以验证数值计算的准确性。 结果表明，对于单轴流旋流器，当入口风速为6 m/s—8 m/s，旋流叶片数量为4个时，旋流分离器的结构参数对分离效率有显著影响。影响因素从高到低依次为气缸直径、气缸长度和排气管插入深度。更准确地说，当气缸直径为 60 mm、气缸长度为 150 mm、排气管插入深度为 50 mm、锥角为 20° 时，分离效率最佳。并联使用 8 根轴流旋风管更为合理，最大分离效率可达 84.21 %。田间作业表明，数值计算结果与实际收获过程相似。在配备落尘箱的花生收获作业中，粉尘颗粒浓度始终低于 10 mg/m3。整机后部粉尘颗粒浓度最高，驾驶室附近最低。与传统收割机相比，带有落尘箱的收割机的粉尘颗粒浓度降低了 64.37 %;30 μm 尘埃颗粒浓度降低 69.31 %;整机后部的灰尘颗粒浓度也有效降低。本研究可为花生收获作业和农业机械收获作业过程中的粉尘排放控制提供参考。