The study explored the potential of activated carbon from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) char produced at 250 and 350 °C. The resulting char was activated using NaCl, KOH, and ZnCl2, serving as a novel precursor to optimizing the synthesis conditions for cost-effective activated carbon aimed at removing Pb(II) from water. Characterization techniques, including proximate analysis, iodine number, pH, BET surface area, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and atomic adsorption spectroscopy, were employed to identify the most effective activated carbon for Pb(II) removal. The findings revealed that KOH-activated carbon produced from char at 250 °C exhibited the most potential adsorbent and fell within the range of commercial activated carbon. Batch adsorption experiments using KOH-activated carbon demonstrated the highest Pb(II) removal of more than 90 % under optimized conditions of pH 6, 1 g activated carbon, zero contact time, and 1000 mg/L metal concentration. The adsorption kinetics followed Lagergren's second-order model, and the isotherm suggested the Langmuir model with an R2 value of 0.99. Additionally, the cycle study revealed that the activated carbon could be reused for up to two cycles with 90 % adsorption efficiency. Desorption experiments showed that HNO3 was the most effective eluent, achieving 80 % removal efficiency at pH 1. The recovery rate of MSW char-activated carbon (MSW-AC) after desorption was approximately 64.89 %. Thus, the performance of MSW-AC in adsorption, desorption, and cycle studies is recommended as an effective adsorbent for heavy metal mitigation. Furthermore, its utilization represents a valuable strategy for waste management, contributing to waste minimization efforts.

中文翻译：

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评估源自城市固体废物炭的活性炭作为减轻重金属的前体


该研究探索了在 250 和 350 °C 下产生的混合城市固体废物 (MSW) 炭中活性炭的潜力。使用 NaCl、KOH 和 ZnCl2 活化所得炭，作为优化合成条件的新型前体，获得具有成本效益的活性炭，旨在去除水中的 Pb(II)。采用包括工业分析、碘值、pH、BET 表面积、XRD、FTIR、FESEM 和原子吸附光谱在内的表征技术来确定去除 Pb(II) 的最有效的活性炭。研究结果表明，在 250 °C 下由炭生产的 KOH 活性炭表现出最有潜力的吸附剂，属于商业活性炭的范围。使用 KOH 活性炭的批量吸附实验表明，在 pH 6、1 g 活性炭、零接触时间和 1000 mg/L 金属浓度的优化条件下，Pb(II) 的最高去除率超过 90%。吸附动力学遵循Lagergren二阶模型，等温线符合Langmuir模型，R2值为0.99。此外，循环研究表明，活性炭最多可重复使用两次，吸附效率高达 90%。解吸实验表明，HNO3 是最有效的洗脱液，在 pH 1 时达到 80% 的去除效率。解吸后 MSW 炭活性炭 (MSW-AC) 的回收率约为 64.89%。因此，MSW-AC 在吸附、解吸和循环研究中的性能被推荐作为重金属减排的有效吸附剂。此外，它的利用代表了一种有价值的废物管理策略，有助于最大限度地减少废物。