Among landslide controls, the role of temperature in temperate regions remains poorly understood. Experiments revealed thermo-hydro-mechanical effects in geomaterials; however, field evidence of temperature-controlled landsliding is scarce. This complexity hinders the formulation of a temperature-related variable, useable in modelling across scales. Here, we identified spatial correlations between temperature and shallow landslides in gentle clay slopes. Notably, the temperature in the shallow underground is controlled by that of the atmosphere, and clays are the most sensitive to temperature among all geomaterials. Exploiting the Italian Landslide Inventory, we constructed a slope unit-based Generalised Additive Model and utilised Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from MODIS, accessible in Google Earth Engine. Interestingly, we observed a stronger positive correlation between landslides and LST, particularly in southern Italy, where categorised widespread shallow instabilities are common. Although more experiments and site-specific studies are warranted, the observed pattern appears consistent with thermal soil weakening, which may enhance landslide mobility.

中文翻译：

---

评估温带气候下温度对边坡稳定性的影响：意大利全国空间概率分析


在滑坡控制中，温度在温带地区的作用仍然知之甚少。实验揭示了岩土材料中的热-水-机械效应;然而，温控滑坡的现场证据很少。这种复杂性阻碍了温度相关变量的制定，该变量可用于跨尺度建模。在这里，我们确定了温度与平缓粘土斜坡中浅层滑坡之间的空间相关性。值得注意的是，地下浅层的温度受大气温度的控制，而粘土在所有土工材料中对温度最敏感。利用意大利滑坡清单，我们构建了一个基于坡度单位的广义加性模型，并利用了来自 MODIS 的地表温度 （LST） 数据，可在 Google Earth Engine 中访问。有趣的是，我们观察到山体滑坡和 LST 之间存在更强的正相关关系，尤其是在意大利南部，那里普遍存在广泛的浅层不稳定性。尽管需要更多的实验和特定地点的研究，但观察到的模式似乎与热土壤弱化一致，这可能会增强滑坡的流动性。