Color is a property directly discernible by our eyes, making it perceptually conspicuous. Changes in color, whether achromatic (from white to black) or chromatic (from colorless to colored or between different colors), are easily detectable by people with normal vision or through simple spectrophotometric instruments. The categorization of chromogenic systems reveals various mechanisms of chromism. Applications photochromic, thermochromic, and electrochromic materials have been extensively discussed, including their behavior, mechanisms, and limitations. In the landscape of future energy storage systems, the significance of chromisms transcends conventional boundaries, promising transformative impacts on energy efficiency, management strategies, and sustainability. Chromic materials, endowed with their dynamic color-changing attributes, emerge as catalysts for innovation across diverse applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, and smart windows. This review aspires to offer a comprehensive exposition on the intrinsic chromism phenomena within energy storage systems. Commencing with a succinct overview of chromism phenomena and their nuanced formation mechanisms, the narrative seamlessly transitions to an exhaustive scrutiny of recent strides. This exploration encompasses a thorough examination of the components, intricate structures, and diverse properties characterizing chromism phenomena.

中文翻译：

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揭开变色引起的储能系统奇迹


颜色是我们眼睛可以直接辨别的一种特性，使其在感知上非常明显。颜色的变化，无论是消色差（从白色到黑色）还是彩色（从无色到有色或不同颜色之间），都很容易被视力正常的人或通过简单的分光光度仪器检测到。显色系统的分类揭示了变色的各种机制。应用光致变色、热致变色和电致变色材料已被广泛讨论，包括它们的行为、机制和局限性。在未来储能系统的格局中，色度的重要性超越了传统界限，有望对能源效率、管理策略和可持续性产生变革性影响。铬材料具有动态变色特性，成为电池、超级电容器和智能窗户等各种应用创新的催化剂。本综述旨在对储能系统中的内在色现象进行全面阐述。从对色度现象及其微妙形成机制的简洁概述开始，叙述无缝过渡到对近期进展的详尽审查。这种探索包括对表征色度现象的成分、复杂结构和各种特性的彻底检查。