Urinary bladder vascularized allograft transplantation in humans is currently extensively being investigated worldwide, owing to the theoretical potential of this approach as a therapeutic option for individuals with end-stage, non-oncological bladder conditions or congenital bladder pathologies. To date, a successful attempt at urinary bladder autotransplantation was carried out in a heart-beating brain-dead research human donor. The robot-assisted surgical technique was shown to be optimal for performing this procedure, achieving a good performance in terms of both bladder allograft collection as well as vascular, ureterovesical and vesicourethral anastomoses. The urinary bladder vascularized allograft would be an alternative to traditional urinary diversion methods that rely on the use of intestinal segments, potentially avoiding adverse effects associated with these approaches. However, different from ileal urinary diversion, bladder transplantation would require lifelong immune suppression. Clinical trials are in progress to assess the vascularized bladder allograft transplantation technique, as well as the safety of this procedure in oncological and non-oncological indications.

由于这种方法作为患有终末期非肿瘤性膀胱疾病或先天性膀胱病变的个体的治疗选择的理论潜力，目前在世界范围内广泛研究人类膀胱血管化同种异体移植。迄今为止，在一名有心跳的脑死亡研究人类捐赠者身上进行了一次成功的膀胱自体移植尝试。机器人辅助手术技术被证明是执行该手术的最佳技术，在膀胱同种异体移植物收集以及血管、输尿管膀胱和膀胱尿道吻合方面均取得了良好的性能。膀胱血管化同种异体移植物将成为依赖使用肠段的传统尿流改道方法的替代方案，可能避免与这些方法相关的副作用。然而，与回肠尿流改道不同，膀胱移植需要终生免疫抑制。临床试验正在进行中，以评估带血管的膀胱同种异体移植技术，以及该手术在肿瘤和非肿瘤适应症中的安全性。