Trained immunity has emerged as a new concept in immunology that is associated with the memory of innate immune cells and linked to specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of these cells. Trained immunity may confer nonspecific and sustained protection against a broad range of pathogens, and recent findings show that it might also be involved in allergy mechanisms. Some conventional vaccines have demonstrated trained immunity induction as the mechanism underlying their heterologous protection. The development of novel vaccines designed especially for this purpose (trained immunity-based vaccines) might be useful in the absence of conventional vaccines or in specific clinical settings. Under certain circumstances, trained immunity could lead to persistent inflammatory innate immune cell responses in subjects with allergy, which could be associated with the development and worsening of allergy by promoting and amplifying aberrant type 2 immune responses. In other cases, trained immunity may help promote healthy immune responses to allergens, such as type 1 responses that counterbalance the type 2 inflammation or regulatory T cells that induce tolerance. Trained immunity-based allergen vaccines could become the next generation of allergen-specific immunotherapy vaccines, harnessing the potential of trained immunity to induce allergen tolerance. The identification and characterization of proper training inducers might well pave the way for the development of novel immunotherapies.

中文翻译：

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针对感染和过敏性疾病的训练有素的基于免疫的疫苗。


训练有素的免疫力已成为免疫学中的一个新概念，它与先天免疫细胞的记忆有关，并与这些细胞的特定代谢和表观遗传重编程有关。训练有素的免疫力可能会提供针对多种病原体的非特异性和持续保护，最近的研究结果表明，它也可能与过敏机制有关。一些传统疫苗已证明训练有素的免疫诱导是其异源保护的基础机制。在没有常规疫苗或特定临床环境中，开发专门为此目的设计的新型疫苗（训练有素的基于免疫的疫苗）可能有用。在某些情况下，训练有素的免疫力可能导致过敏受试者产生持续的炎症性先天免疫细胞反应，这可能通过促进和放大异常的 2 型免疫反应与过敏的发展和恶化有关。在其他情况下，训练有素的免疫力可能有助于促进对过敏原的健康免疫反应，例如抵消 2 型炎症的 1 型反应或诱导耐受性的调节性 T 细胞。训练有素的基于免疫的过敏原疫苗可能成为下一代过敏原特异性免疫治疗疫苗，利用训练有素的免疫力的潜力来诱导过敏原耐受。识别和表征适当的训练诱导剂很可能为新型免疫疗法的开发铺平道路。