Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) an endemic species is currently facing habitat destruction and pollution in Osor River (Spain) due to mining runoff that has severely deteriorated the water quality by metals, primarily zinc (Zn). In order to assess the potential risk of metal contamination and hydrological changes in the Osor River by using oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers via IBR analyses in the barbel, five different stations were chosen: upstream (S1: reference site and S2: hydrologically changed), mine (S3), and downstream (S4 and S5). The highest tissue metal levels were measured particularly at S3 and following downstream sites. SOD activity and the GSH system parameters (GPX, GST, and GSH) were the most sensitive oxidative stress indicators among the antioxidant system parameters. The organs with the greatest changes in antioxidant biomarkers were the liver and gill. As a sign of neurotoxicity, AChE activities significantly raised in the brain and muscle but drastically lowered in the kidney, liver, and gill particularly in the area of mine and downstream compared to reference site. Integrated biomarker response index (IBR) method was applied to visualize the affect of metal and hydrological alterations with biomarker response according to sites in the Osor River. IBR analyzes together with correlations between metal levels and oxidative stress biomarkers, emphasized that S2 and S3 have the greatest impact on the biomarker levels due to mine activity and hydrological changes highlighting the vulnerability to extinction of native fish B. meridionalis. It is also critical to assess the current data based on the multi-biomarker approach for a range of detrimental effects on fish fitness at the individual level as well as population persistence from an ecological standpoint.

中文翻译：

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来自奥索尔河（西班牙）的受威胁特有鱼类 Barbus meridionalis 的氧化应激和神经毒性评价


地中海触须 （Barbus meridionalis） 是一种特有物种，目前在奥索尔河（西班牙）面临栖息地破坏和污染，因为采矿径流严重恶化了金属（主要是锌 （Zn））的水质。为了通过触须中的 IBR 分析使用氧化应激和神经毒性生物标志物来评估奥索尔河金属污染和水文变化的潜在风险，选择了五个不同的站点：上游（S1：参考位点和 S2：水文变化）、矿山 （S3） 和下游（S4 和 S5）。特别是在 S3 和后续站点测量了最高的组织金属水平。SOD 活性和 GSH 系统参数 （GPX 、 GST 和 GSH） 是抗氧化系统参数中最敏感的氧化应激指标。抗氧化生物标志物变化最大的器官是肝脏和鳃。作为神经毒性的标志，与参考部位相比，大脑和肌肉中的 AChE 活性显着升高，但在肾脏、肝脏和鳃中急剧降低，尤其是在矿山区域和下游。应用综合生物标志物反应指数 （IBR） 方法，根据奥索河中的地点，通过生物标志物反应可视化金属和水文变化的影响。IBR 分析了金属水平与氧化应激生物标志物之间的相关性，强调由于采矿活动和水文变化，S2 和 S3 对生物标志物水平的影响最大，突出了本地鱼类 B. meridionalis 灭绝的脆弱性。 基于多生物标志物方法评估当前数据对个体水平的鱼类健康状况以及从生态学角度来看种群持久性的一系列不利影响也很重要。