The annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is considered the most destructive insect pest of short‐mown turfgrasses in northeastern North America. Poa annua L. is the preferred host plant, though the weevil can develop in other cool‐season (C3) turfgrasses such as bentgrasses (Agrostis spp. L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Recently, damaging populations have been reported in midwestern and southeastern United States, where cool‐ and warm‐season (C4) turfgrasses are grown. However, it is unknown whether L. maculicollis can establish and develop within common warm‐season turfgrasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia matrella L.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon Pers. × transvaalensis Davy). Larvae reared on Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’, an older cultivar, experienced a significant reduction in survivorship and longer development periods compared to a newer cultivar (Penn‐A4) and P. annua. Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’ possessed significantly greater quantities of carotenoids and flavonoid content, which may explain differences in host suitability among C3 turfgrasses. No larvae were recovered from C4 hosts in no‐choice ovipositional assays, suggesting Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis are nonviable hosts of L. maculicollis. Further investigation into the morphological and physiological defense mechanisms in Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis may broaden our understanding of tolerance mechanisms not observed in C3 cool‐season turfgrasses and provide guidance for future breeding efforts.

中文翻译：

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冷季和暖季草坪草寄主对一年生蓝草象鼻虫 （Listronotus maculicollis， Kirby） 的适宜性特征


一年生蓝草象鼻虫 Listronotus maculicollis Kirby 被认为是北美东北部短修剪草坪草中最具破坏性的害虫。一年生早熟禾是首选的寄主植物，但象鼻虫可以在其他冷季 （C3） 草坪草中生长，例如弯草 （Agrostis spp. L.） 和多年生黑麦草 （Lolium perenne L.）。最近，据报道，美国中西部和东南部种植了冷季和暖季 （C4） 草坪草，造成了破坏性种群。然而，尚不清楚 L. maculicollis 是否可以在常见的暖季草坪草中建立和发育，例如结缕草 （Zoysia matrella L.） 和杂交百慕大草 （Cynodon dactylon Pers. × transvaalensis Davy）。与较新的品种 （Penn-A4） 和 P. annua 相比，在 Agrostis stolonifera 'Penncross' 上饲养的幼虫存活率显着降低，发育期更长。Agrostis stolonifera 'Penncross' 具有明显更多的类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量，这可能解释了 C3 草坪草之间寄主适宜性的差异。在无选择产卵试验中未从 C4 宿主中回收幼虫，表明 Z. matrella 和 C. dactylon × transvaalensis 是 L. maculicollis 的无活力宿主。进一步研究 Z. matrella 和 C. dactylon × transvaalensis 的形态和生理防御机制可能会拓宽我们对 C3 冷季草坪草中未观察到的耐受性机制的理解，并为未来的育种工作提供指导。