In geotechnical engineering, activities such as landslides, rockfalls, blasting, and excavation often subject jointed rock masses to dynamic shear loads, impacting project stability. With continuous innovation of anchoring support technology, the appearance of energy-absorbing bolts has provided more options for rock support. This study selected fully-grouted bolts and energy-absorbing bolts, considering the roughness of natural rock joints. Indoor shear tests were conducted on bolted specimens at varying shear velocities. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the failure morphology of joint surfaces and the fracture characteristics of bolts. Subsequently, the shear performance of both bolt types was quantitatively assessed through absorbed shear energy. At the interface between fully-grouted bolts and joint surfaces, stress concentration phenomena were observed. In contrast, energy-absorbing bolts exhibited significant necking phenomena. Under external forces, the bolt body detached from the grout, enabling it to accommodate large deformations of the rock mass and absorb energy. The results indicate that energy-absorbing bolts demonstrate better adaptability and energy absorption capacity under high-velocity shearing, while fully-grouted bolts exhibit higher peak shear stresses. Based on the experimental findings, for projects requiring consideration of dynamic shear loads and energy absorption capabilities, energy-absorbing bolts may be more suitable, providing additional safety assurance. Conversely, fully-grouted bolts may be more appropriate for applications with higher requirements for shear resistance, such as structural support under general static loads.

中文翻译：

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深入了解螺栓岩石节理的速度相关剪切特性：全灌浆和能量吸收锚杆的比较研究


在岩土工程中，滑坡、落石、爆破和开挖等活动通常会使节理岩体承受动态剪切载荷，从而影响项目稳定性。随着锚固支护技术的不断创新，吸能锚杆的出现为岩石支护提供了更多的选择。本研究考虑了天然岩石节理的粗糙度，选择了全灌浆螺栓和吸能螺栓。以不同的剪切速度对螺栓试样进行室内剪切试验。对节点面的破坏形态和螺栓的断裂特性进行了综合分析。随后，通过吸收的剪切能定量评估两种螺栓的剪切性能。在全灌浆螺栓和接合面之间的界面处，观察到应力集中现象。相比之下，吸能螺栓表现出明显的颈缩现象。在外力作用下，锚杆体与灌浆分离，使其能够承受岩体的大变形并吸收能量。结果表明：吸能螺栓在高速剪切下表现出较好的适应性和吸能能力，而全灌浆螺栓表现出较高的峰值剪切应力。根据实验结果，对于需要考虑动态剪切载荷和吸能能力的项目，吸能螺栓可能更合适，提供额外的安全保证。相反，全灌浆螺栓可能更适合于对抗剪性有较高要求的应用，例如一般静载荷下的结构支撑。