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Autoantibodies to ADAMTS13 in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Vox Sanguinis ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 , DOI: 10.1111/vox.13738
Muriel Meiring 1, 2 , Mmakgabu Khemisi 1, 2 , Susan Louw 2, 3 , Palanisamy Krishnan 1
Affiliation  

Background and ObjectivesThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal thrombotic microangiopathic disorder that can result from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The pathogenesis involves a deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs member 13) and the presence of anti‐ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. However, there is insufficient information regarding the epitope specificity and reactivity of these autoantibodies. This study aimed to perform epitope‐mapping analysis to provide novel insights into the specific epitopes on ADAMTS13 domains affected by autoantibodies.Materials and MethodsThe study analysed 59 frozen citrate plasma samples from HIV‐associated TTP patients in South Africa, measuring ADAMTS13 activity using Technozyme® ADAMTS13 activity test, total immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA antibodies levels using ELISA kit and purifying IgG antibodies using NAb™ Protein G spin columns. A synthetic ADAMTS13 peptide library was used for epitope mapping.ResultsOverall, 90% of samples showed anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies, with 64% of these antibodies being inhibitory, as revealed by mixing studies. Samples with ADAMTS13 antigen levels below 5% showed high anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibody titres (≥50 IU/mL), whereas those with 5%–10% levels had low autoantibody titres (<50 IU/mL).The metalloprotease, cysteine‐rich and spacer domains were 100% involved in binding anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG antibodies, with 58% of samples containing antibodies binding to the C‐terminal part of the ADAMTS13 disintegrin‐like domain, indicating different pathogenic mechanisms.ConclusionThe metalloprotease, cysteine‐rich and spacer domains are the primary targets for anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies in patients with HIV‐associated TTP. These findings suggest potential effects on the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS13, highlighting the complex nature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved.

中文翻译:


人类免疫缺陷病毒相关血栓性血小板减少性紫癜中 ADAMTS13 自身抗体



背景和目的血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是一种潜在致命的血栓性微血管病,可能由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起。发病机制涉及冯维勒布兰德因子 (vWF) 裂解蛋白酶 ADAMTS13(一种具有血小板反应蛋白基序成员 13 的解整合素和金属蛋白酶)的缺陷以及抗 ADAMTS13 自身抗体的存在。然而,关于这些自身抗体的表位特异性和反应性的信息不足。本研究旨在进行表位作图分析,为受自身抗体影响的 ADAMTS13 结构域上的特定表位提供新的见解。材料和方法该研究分析了南非 HIV 相关 TTP 患者的 59 份冷冻柠檬酸盐血浆样本,使用 Technozyme® 测量了 ADAMTS13 活性使用 ELISA 试剂盒进行 ADAMTS13 活性测试、总免疫球蛋白 (Ig) M 和 IgA 抗体水平,并使用 NAb™ Protein G 离心柱纯化 IgG 抗体。使用合成的 ADAMTS13 肽库进行表位作图。结果 总体而言,混合研究显示,90% 的样品显示抗 ADAMTS13 IgG 自身抗体,其中 64% 具有抑制性。 ADAMTS13 抗原水平低于 5% 的样本显示出较高的抗 ADAMTS13 IgG 自身抗体滴度 (≥50 IU/mL),而水平为 5%–10% 的样本则具有较低的自身抗体滴度 (<50 IU/mL)。 rich 和 spacer 结构域 100% 参与结合抗 ADAMTS13 IgG 抗体,其中 58% 的样品含有与 ADAMTS13 解整合素样结构域 C 端部分结合的抗体,表明不同的致病机制。结论金属蛋白酶、富含半胱氨酸和间隔区是 HIV 相关 TTP 患者抗 ADAMTS13 IgG 自身抗体的主要靶点。这些发现表明对 ADAMTS13 蛋白水解活性的潜在影响,突出了所涉及的致病机制的复杂性。
更新日期:2024-09-19
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