Regenerating legs is advantageous for arthropods as their appendages exhibit crucial functional specializations. Many arthropods possess a ‘preferred breakage point’, where the appendage is most likely to break and where regeneration likely to occur, however, different taxa exhibit different levels of regenerative potential. Centipede appendage regeneration is categorized as 'progressive' or 'explosive'. In the later, the appendage is fully regenerated after one molt. This term was used for house centipedes that frequently lose their long legs. We chose Scutigera coleoptrata as a model to comprehensively investigate the process of leg appendotomy and regeneration as well as compare it with leg development in anamorphic instars. The trochanter exhibits a preferred breakage point. Internally, it houses a three-layered diaphragm that effectively seals the lumen. In case of leg loss, the wound is quickly sealed. The epidermis detaches from the cuticle and muscles of the coxa get compacted, giving sufficient space for the regenerating leg. A blastema forms and the leg then grows in a coiled manner. The regenerating leg is innervated and syncytial muscles form. If the leg is lost in an early intermolt phase, progression of regeneration is slower than when a specimen is closer to the next molt. Instars of house centipedes can simultaneously develop and regenerate legs. The legs develop laterally on the posterior segments under the cuticle. As opposed to regeneration, the progression of leg development always follows the same temporal pattern throughout the entire intermolt phase. Several factors are of major significance in house centipede leg regeneration. First, the ease with which they lose legs: the diaphragm represents an efficient tool for appendotomy. Moreover, the functional extension of the coxa provides space for a leg to be regenerated in. Lastly, the genetic predisposition allows them to regenerate legs within one molting cycle. This “package” is unique among land arthropods, and to this degree rare in marine taxa. Furthermore, observing leg regeneration and anamorphic leg development in parallel suggest that regeneration is most likely an epiphenomenon of development, and the differences are a requirement for the novel context in which re-development occurs.

中文翻译：

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蜈蚣足的爆炸性再生和变形发育


腿的再生对于节肢动物来说是有利的，因为它们的附肢表现出关键的功能特化。许多节肢动物都具有“首选断裂点”，即附肢最有可能断裂并且可能发生再生的地方，然而，不同的分类群表现出不同水平的再生潜力。蜈蚣附肢再生分为“渐进式”或“爆炸式”。在后者中，附肢在一次蜕皮后完全再生。这个术语用于指经常失去长腿的家蜈蚣。我们选择Scutigera coleoptrata作为模型来全面研究腿部阑尾切除和再生的过程，并将其与变形龄的腿部发育进行比较。转子呈现出优选的断裂点。它的内部装有一个三层隔膜，可有效密封管腔。如果失去一条腿，伤口会很快被缝合。表皮与角质层分离，基节肌肉被压实，为再生腿提供足够的空间。芽基形成，然后腿以盘绕的方式生长。再生的腿受到神经支配并形成合胞肌。如果在早期蜕皮阶段失去腿，则再生进程比接近下一次蜕皮时的样本要慢。家蜈蚣的龄期可以同时发育和再生腿。腿在角质层下的后节上横向发育。与再生相反，在整个蜕皮间阶段，腿部发育的进程始终遵循相同的时间模式。有几个因素对蜈蚣腿的再生具有重要意义。首先，他们很容易失去双腿：隔膜是阑尾切除术的有效工具。 此外，基节的功能延伸为腿的再生提供了空间。最后，遗传倾向使它们能够在一个蜕皮周期内再生腿。这种“包”在陆地节肢动物中是独一无二的，在海洋类群中也很罕见。此外，并行观察腿部再生和变形腿部发育表明，再生很可能是发育的附带现象，而差异是发生再发育的新环境的要求。