Ionogels have garnered significant interest due to their great potential in flexible iontronic devices. However, their limited mechanical tunability and environmental intolerance have posed significant challenges for their integration into next-generation flexible electronics in different scenarios. Herein, the synergistic effect of cation-oxygen coordination interaction and hydrogen bonding is leveraged to construct a 3D supramolecular network, resulting in ionogels with tunable modulus, stretchability, and strength, achieving an unprecedented elongation at break of 10 800%. Moreover, the supramolecular network endows the ionogels with extremely high fracture energy, crack insensitivity, and high elasticity. Meanwhile, the high environmental stability and hydrophobic network of the ionogels further shield them from the unfavorable effects of temperature variations and water molecules, enabling them to operate within a broad temperature range and exhibit robust underwater adhesion. Then, the ionogel is assembled into a wearable sensor, demonstrating its great potential in flexible sensing (temperature, pressure, and strain) and underwater signal transmission. This work can inspire the applications of ionogels in multifunctional sensing and wearable fields.

中文翻译：

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具有可调机械性能和环境稳定性的多模态传感离子凝胶，适用于水生和大气环境


离子凝胶由于其在柔性离子电子设备中的巨大潜力而​​引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，它们有限的机械可调性和环境不耐受性给它们在不同场景下集成到下一代柔性电子产品中带来了重大挑战。在此，利用阳离子-氧配位相互作用和氢键的协同效应构建3D超分子网络，产生具有可调模量、拉伸性和强度的离子凝胶，实现了前所未有的10 800%的断裂伸长率。此外，超分子网络赋予离子凝胶极高的断裂能、裂纹不敏感性和高弹性。同时，离子凝胶的高环境稳定性和疏水网络进一步保护它们免受温度变化和水分子的不利影响，使它们能够在较宽的温度范围内工作并表现出强大的水下粘附力。然后，将离子凝胶组装成可穿戴传感器，展示了其在灵活传感（温度、压力和应变）和水下信号传输方面的巨大潜力。这项工作可以激发离子凝胶在多功能传感和可穿戴领域的应用。