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“Internal Trouble and Outside Aggression” Strategy: Energy Deprivation Synergized With cGAS-STING Pathway Activation for Stimuli-Responsive Photodynamic-Metal-Metabolic Immunotherapy
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202410142 Yanrong Qian 1 , Yulin Xie 1 , Guoqing Zhu 1 , Man Wang 1 , Junrong Wang 1 , Qianqian Sun 1 , Jun Lin 2 , Chunxia Li 1
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202410142 Yanrong Qian 1 , Yulin Xie 1 , Guoqing Zhu 1 , Man Wang 1 , Junrong Wang 1 , Qianqian Sun 1 , Jun Lin 2 , Chunxia Li 1
Affiliation
The aberrant metabolic activities of tumor cells not only facilitate tumor proliferation but also impair immune cell function and cause an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, reshaping the metabolic TME while activating innate immunity is highly desirable but challenging. Herein, a multifunctional immunomodulator is engineered for near-infrared light (NIR)-triggered photodynamic-metal-metabolic immunotherapy via the “internal trouble and outside aggression” strategy. Specifically, an endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive nanoagent is prepared consisting of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) modified dense silica-coated rare earth-doped nanoparticles (ReNPs@SiO2(Ce6)), with in situ grown ZIF-8 on the surface for loading glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) inhibitor Fasentin and glutaminase-1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES). The as-obtained final product is denoted as ReSZ(FB). ReSZ(FB) induces- mitochondrial damage and releases mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) via NIR-mediated PDT. Subsequently, Zn2+ from ZIF-8 collaborates with mtDNA to activate the cGAS-STING pathway, initiating a robust tumor-specific immune response. Concurrently, Fasentin and BPTES triggeres energy deprivation by blocking glucose uptake and inhibiting glutamine decomposition, thereby reprogramming the metabolic TME, and alleviating immunosuppression. Tumor cells are damaged and trapped into “internal trouble” by combining PDT and energy deprivation, while the sharply enhanced immune cell lethality exposes cancer cells to “outside aggression”. Overall, this photodynamic-metal-metabolic immunotherapy provides a promising paradigm for cancer therapy.
中文翻译:
“内部麻烦和外部攻击”策略:能量剥夺与 cGAS-STING 通路激活协同作用,用于刺激反应性光动力金属代谢免疫疗法
肿瘤细胞异常的代谢活动不仅促进肿瘤增殖,还会损害免疫细胞功能并导致免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境 (TME)。因此,在激活先天免疫的同时重塑代谢 TME 是非常可取的,但也具有挑战性。在此,通过“内部麻烦和外部攻击”策略,设计用于近红外光 (NIR) 触发的光动力金属代谢免疫疗法的多功能免疫调节剂。具体来说,制备了一种内源性和外源性刺激响应性纳米剂,由光敏剂氯素 e6 (Ce6) 改性致密二氧化硅涂层稀土掺杂纳米颗粒 (ReNPs@SiO2(Ce6)) 组成,表面原位生长的 ZIF-8 用于加载葡萄糖转运蛋白-1 (GLUT-1) 抑制剂 Fasentin 和谷氨酰胺酶-1 抑制剂 bis-2-(5-苯乙酰酰胺-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)乙基硫化物 (BPTES)。获得的最终产品表示为 ReSZ(FB)。ReSZ(FB) 诱导线粒体损伤并通过 NIR 介导的 PDT 释放线粒体 DNA (mtDNA)。随后,来自 ZIF-8 的 Zn2+ 与 mtDNA 合作激活 cGAS-STING 通路,启动强大的肿瘤特异性免疫反应。同时,Fasentin 和 BPTES 通过阻断葡萄糖摄取和抑制谷氨酰胺分解来触发能量剥夺,从而重编程代谢 TME,减轻免疫抑制。通过 PDT 和能量剥夺的结合,肿瘤细胞被破坏并陷入“内部麻烦”,而急剧增强的免疫细胞致死性使癌细胞暴露在“外部侵略”之下。总体而言,这种光动力金属代谢免疫疗法为癌症治疗提供了一种有前途的范式。
更新日期:2024-09-18
中文翻译:
“内部麻烦和外部攻击”策略:能量剥夺与 cGAS-STING 通路激活协同作用,用于刺激反应性光动力金属代谢免疫疗法
肿瘤细胞异常的代谢活动不仅促进肿瘤增殖,还会损害免疫细胞功能并导致免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境 (TME)。因此,在激活先天免疫的同时重塑代谢 TME 是非常可取的,但也具有挑战性。在此,通过“内部麻烦和外部攻击”策略,设计用于近红外光 (NIR) 触发的光动力金属代谢免疫疗法的多功能免疫调节剂。具体来说,制备了一种内源性和外源性刺激响应性纳米剂,由光敏剂氯素 e6 (Ce6) 改性致密二氧化硅涂层稀土掺杂纳米颗粒 (ReNPs@SiO2(Ce6)) 组成,表面原位生长的 ZIF-8 用于加载葡萄糖转运蛋白-1 (GLUT-1) 抑制剂 Fasentin 和谷氨酰胺酶-1 抑制剂 bis-2-(5-苯乙酰酰胺-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)乙基硫化物 (BPTES)。获得的最终产品表示为 ReSZ(FB)。ReSZ(FB) 诱导线粒体损伤并通过 NIR 介导的 PDT 释放线粒体 DNA (mtDNA)。随后,来自 ZIF-8 的 Zn2+ 与 mtDNA 合作激活 cGAS-STING 通路,启动强大的肿瘤特异性免疫反应。同时,Fasentin 和 BPTES 通过阻断葡萄糖摄取和抑制谷氨酰胺分解来触发能量剥夺,从而重编程代谢 TME,减轻免疫抑制。通过 PDT 和能量剥夺的结合,肿瘤细胞被破坏并陷入“内部麻烦”,而急剧增强的免疫细胞致死性使癌细胞暴露在“外部侵略”之下。总体而言,这种光动力金属代谢免疫疗法为癌症治疗提供了一种有前途的范式。